Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What are the two general categories of living cells?

Answer 1

(1) Prokaryotes
(2) Eukaryotes

Question 2

Are organisms that do not possess a true nucleus and a membrane-bound organelles

Answer 2

Prokaryotes

Question 3

Are organisms that possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are usually multicellular organisms and include plants, animals, fungi, parasites, and algae

Answer 3

Eukaryotes

Question 4

Are acellular microorganisms that possesses only DNA or RNA. They are dependent on host cells for their replication and are considered as obligate parasites

Answer 4

Viruses

Question 5

Smaller in size about 1-2, 2-4 min or less

Answer 5

Prokaryote

Question 6

Greater in size about 5 min in diameter

Answer 6

Eukaryote

Question 7

Genetic material (DNA) is usually circular

Answer 7

Prokaryote

Question 8

Genetic material (DNA) is usually linear

Answer 8

Eukaryote

Question 9

Cell wall is complex

Answer 9

Prokaryote

Question 10

Cell wall is simple

Answer 10

Eukaryote

Question 11

Cell division is through budding or binary fission

Answer 11

Prokaryote

Question 12

Cell division is through mitosis

Answer 12

Eukaryote

Question 13

Sexual reproduction is through tranfer of DNA

Answer 13

Prokaryote

Question 14

Sexual reproduction is through meiosis

Answer 14

Eukaryote

Question 15

Function as mitochondria and golgi complex in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 15

Mesosome

Question 16

Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm

Answer 16

Prokaryote

Question 17

Ribosomes are located in membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplast

Answer 17

Eukaryote

Question 18

Give similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 18

Contain DNA
Contain ribosomes
Have cell membrane
Contain cytoplasm

Question 19

What is the outer surface of a virus called?

Answer 19

Capsid

Question 20

Capsid is composed of repeating sub-units called what?

Answer 20

Capsomeres

Question 21

True or False

Viruses possess only a single nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, but never both

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or False

Viruses possess both nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Viruses rely on the cellular machinery of the host cell for protein and energy production. Hence, they are considered what?

Answer 23

Obligate intracellular parasites

Question 24

Give the different types of viral shapes

Answer 24

Icosahedral
Helical
Polyhedral
Complex

Question 25

A special type of viruses that primarily infect bacteria

Answer 25

Bacteriophages

Question 26

The outer covering of bacteria that is composed mainly of petidoglycan

Answer 26

Cell wall

Question 27

Bacteria are categorized into:

Answer 27

(1) Gram-negative bacteria with cell wall (2) Gram-positive bacteria with cell wall (3) Acid-fast bacteria with lipid-rich cell wall (4) Bacteria without cell wall

Question 28

Fungi has an outer surface mainly composed of what?

Answer 28

Chitin

Question 29

The cell membrane of fungi is made up mostly of what?

Answer 29

Ergosterol

Question 30

Are representatives for parasites

Answer 30

Protozoa

Question 31

Protozoa has an outer surface called what?

Answer 31

Pellicle

Question 32

Protozoa majority exist in two morphologic forms. What are those forms?

Answer 32

Cysts and Trophozoites

Question 33

A morphologic form of protozoa that is an infective stage

Answer 33

Cyst

Question 34

A morphologic form of protozoa that is a pathogenic stage

Answer 34

Trophozoite

Question 35

Algae has an outer surface primarily composed of what?

Answer 35

Cellulose

Question 36

They are described as plant-like organisms because most of them have chlorophyll and are thus capable of photosynthesis

Answer 36

Algae

Question 37

They do not produce significant disease in humans, rather they are important source of food, iodine, and other minerals. They may also be used as fertilizers, emulsifiers for puddings, and stabilizers for ice cream and salad dressings

Answer 37

Algae