BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGY/REQUIREMENTS FOR BACTERIAL GROWTH

Question 1

uses light as energy source

Answer 1

Phototrophic

Question 2

uses chemical compounds as energy source; Types:

Answer 2

Chemotropic- Autotrophs
and Heterotrophs

Question 3

Chemotropic types : Uses inorganic compounds as carbon source i.e. carbon dioxide

Answer 3

Autotrophs/Litotrophs

Question 4

Uses organic compounds as carbon
source i.e. glucose

Answer 4

Heterotrophs/Organotrophs

Question 5

Organisms requiring oxygen growth i.e. Brucella spp.,
Francisella, Mycobacterium

Answer 5

Obligate aerobes

Question 6

Organisms not requiring oxygen for growth i.e. Veillonella, Actinomyces

Answer 6

Obligate anaerobes

Question 7

Organisms that can live with or without air i.e. family Enterobacteriacea

Answer 7

Facultative anaerobes

Question 8

Organisms requiring small amount of air i.e. Campylobacter spp.

Answer 8

Microaerophilic

Question 9

Does not grow well but survives in the presence of air i.e. Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium

Answer 9

Aero tolerant

Question 10

: able to survive on unusual conditions i.e. absence of oxygen and increased temperature i.e. Bacillus infernos

Answer 10

Extremophiles

Question 11

Obligate aerobes gram positive

Answer 11

Bacillus cerues

Question 12

Gram positive Facultative anaerobes

Answer 12

Staphylococcus,
B. anthracis,
Corynebacterium,
Listeria,
Actinomyces

Question 13

Gram positive microaerophiles

Answer 13

Streptococci

Question 14

Obligate anaerobes gram positive bacteria

Answer 14

Clostridium

Question 15

Obligate aerobes gram negative

Answer 15

Neisseria,
Pseudomonas,
Bordetella,
Legionella,
Brucella

Question 16

Gram negative facultative anaerobes

Answer 16

Most gram negative rods

Question 17

Gram negative Microaerophiles

Answer 17

Spirochete,
Campylobacter

Question 18

Gram negative obligate anaerobes

Answer 18

Bacteroides

Question 19

Acid fast/ slightly AF

Answer 19

Mycobacterium & Nocardia

Question 20

Cold-loving bacteria

Answer 20

Psychrophilic 0-20c

Question 21

Organisms that grow at moderate temperature
Many bacteria are

Answer 21

mesophilic 20-45c

Question 22

Organisms that grow at high temperature

Answer 22

Thermophilic 50-150c

Question 23

Bacteria which do not usually grow at high
temperature but can withstand exposure
to high temperature

Answer 23

Thermoduric

Question 24

Can tolerate cold enrichment:

Answer 24

Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria

Question 25

Thermophilic organisms:

Answer 25

o Bacillus stearothermophilus o Thermus aquaticus

Question 26

biological indicator of autoclave

Answer 26

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Question 27

Incubation temperature for most bacteria and viruses

Answer 27

37c

Question 28

source of DNA polymerase used in PCR

Answer 28

Thermus aquaticus

Question 29

Incubation temperature and time for aerobes

Answer 29

37oC for 18-24 hours

Question 30

source of DNA polymerase used in PCR

Answer 30

Thermus aquaticus

Question 31

Incubation temperature and time for anaerobes:

Answer 31

37oC for 24-48 hours

Question 32

Incubation temperature for fungi:

Answer 32

room temperature (27-30 oC)

Question 33

Blood bag contaminants at 4oC

Answer 33

-Pseudomonas fluorescens -Yersinia enterocolitica -Serratia liquefaciens *Listeria, although able to tolerate cold temperature (4oC), is not considered as a blood bag contaminant because it is an animal pathogen

Question 34

ANAEROBIC CULTURE MICROAEROPHILIC

Answer 34

Gas Pak Jar 5% CO2 10% H2 85% N2 Difficult to perform

Question 35

MICROAEROPHILIC culture Candle jar)

Answer 35

5% O2 10% CO2 85% N2 Intended for Neisseria

Question 36

-Requiring acid medium for growth - Lactobacillus

Answer 36

Acidophilic

Question 37

- Requiring alkaline medium for growth - Vibrio (medium: alkaline peptone water)

Answer 37

Basophilic

Question 38

Those able to grow in medium with a pH between 7.2-7.4

Answer 38

Neutrophilic

Question 39

___moisture is needed to prevent drying (drying deters survival of organisms)

Answer 39

70%

Question 40

: those requiring increased (>70%) moisture

Answer 40

Humidophilic

Question 41

require increased carbon dioxide; i.e. Neisseria and Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 41

Capnophilic

Question 42

Aerobes

Answer 42

O-21% CO2- 0.3%

Question 43

Anaerobes

Answer 43

O-0% CO2-5-10%

Question 44

Capnophilic

Answer 44

O-15% CO2-5-10%

Question 45

Microaerophilic

Answer 45

O-5-10% CO2-8-10%

Question 46

Rejuvenescence phase

Answer 46

LAG PHASE

Question 47

-No cell division during this stage because the organism is still adapting to the environment - Increase in size but not in number - Growth rate: 0%

Answer 47

Lag phase or Rejuvenescence phase

Question 48

Exponential phase

Answer 48

Log phase

Question 49

- Start of cell division - Growth rate starts to increase - Organism becomes susceptible to antibiotics

Answer 49

Logbphase or exponential phase

Question 50

Stationary phase

Answer 50

Plateau

Question 51

- Characterized by a balance in the number (equal) of dead cells and living cells - Decreased nutrients, increased toxic waste

Answer 51

Plateau or stationary phase

Question 52

Phase of decline

Answer 52

Death phase

Question 53

- Increased death rate - Causes of bacterial death *Food shortage *Increased concentration of toxic products *Development of unfavorable pH

Answer 53

Death phase