Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GUM > Bacterial STIs > Flashcards

Bacterial STIs Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Types of bacterial and protozoa STIs

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma genitalium
Treponema pallidum
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Haemophilus ducreyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathophysiology of neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Gram negative intracellular diplococcus, infects mucus membranes and can disseminate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Dysuria, discharge from urethra or vagina, proctitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complications of neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Can ascend to cause PID, epididymitis and can disseminate, fetal loss, conjunctivitis, Bartholins abscess, perihepatiic, appendicitis, worse and more common in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is neisseria gonorrhoea diagnosed

A

Nucleic acid test from urine/swabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Difficulties in diagnosis of gonorrhoea

A

Culture only grows 1/3 but this allows resistance testing. Microscopy can be used for immediate diagnosis but needs lots of organism (urethritis valuable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pathophysiology of chlamydia trachomatis

A

Small intracellular bacteria not seen by light microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia trachomatis

A

Dsyuria, discharge, acute illness milder than in neisseria gonorrhoea, inflamed genital tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis

A

NAATs from urine or swabs as it is very difficult to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Complications of chlamydia trachomatis

A

SARA, PID, epididymitis, some strains cause LGV, endometritis, salpingitis, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, adhesions, Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome, conjunctivitis, arthirits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pathophysiology of mycoplasma genitalium

A

Low grade pathogen very difficult to culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pathophysiology of treponema pallidum

A

Spirochaete bacteria seen on dark field microscopy. Causes syphilis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is treponema pallidum diagnosed

A

PCR from early lesions or serology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Populations at risk of treponema pallidum

A

Homosexual men especially if HIV positive
Sexual contact with person from endemic area
Pregnancy or tissue donation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of treponema pallidum

A

Ulcers, rashes and problems associated with syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathophysiology of trichomonas vaginalis (TV)

A

Flagellated protozoan parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms of TV in women

A

Vaginal discharge
Vulval itching
Dysuria
Offensive odour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Signs of TV in males

A

Affect urethra, supreputial sac and lesions of penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can TV increase the risk of

A

Problems in pregnancy and risk of HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What bowel diseases are primarily in MSM

A

Giardia, Shigella, Entamoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bacterias that can cause urethritis

A

Chlamydia, mycoplasma, gonorrhoea, trichomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is TV most commonly found in women

A

Vagina, urethra, paraurethral glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Signs of TV in women

A

None in 10% women
Vaginal discharge which can be profuse and frothy yellow (>30%) or thin and scanty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Symptoms of TV in men

Study These Flashcards
A

15-50% asymptomatic
Discharge
Dysuria
Irritation of urethra
Urinary frequency

25
Complications of TV
Vaginitis or salpingitis due to concurrent infections, in men rarely causes balanoposhitis or penile ulceration
26
Diagnosis of TV in females
NAAT from swab of posterior fornix, wet mount microscopy, acrinidine orange
27
Diagnosis of TV in males
Male urethral culture, acridine orange, NAAT
28
Treatment of TV
Metronidazole 2g oral dose or 400-500mg twice daily for 5-7 days Tinidazole 2g orally in single dose Do not take alcohol for duration of treatment and 48 hours afterwards Partners should complete treatment before sexual intercourse
29
What is the spontaneous cure rate of TV
20-25%
30
What can you do if there is no response to TV treatment
If not responded to first treatment then repeat course once more
31
How to diagnose the cause of urethritis
Symptoms, signs, urine and microscopy (evidence of polymorphs in urethral discharge)
32
Causes of urethritis %
5% gonococcal 45% chlamydial 50% non chlamydia non gonococcal - most commonly mycoplasma
33
Incubation time of chlamydial infection
7-21 days
34
% of asymptomatic males with chlamydia
50%
35
% of asymptomatic females with chlamydia
70-80%
36
What is Reiter's syndrome
Complication of chlamydia causing arthritis
37
What is Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome
Complication of chlamydia which affects the liver giving an acute cholecystitis presentation
38
% of women who get PID from chlamydia
10-30% of women with untreated chlamydia
39
What percentage of PID is caused by chlamydia
60%
40
What percentage of ectopic pregnancies are caused by chlamydia
60%
41
Diagnosis of chlamydia
First catch urine, 15ml needed. Self taken vulvovaginal swab, cervical, urethral, rectal and pharyngeal swabs also taken. Then NAAT test
42
Is chlamydia visible under microscope
No
43
Is gonorrhoea visible under microscope
Yes
44
When is chlamydia retested for
After 4 weeks
45
Treatment of chlamydia
Erythromycin 100mg BD for 7 days or azithromycin 1g STAT then 500mg OD for 2 days
46
How is non gonococcal non chlamydia urethritis treated (NSU)
Diagnosis of exclusion as not seen on microscopy but many due to mycoplasma genitalium
47
Treatment of mycoplasma genitalium
Prime wit doxycycline 100mg BD for 1 week then extend to azithromycin 1g STAT then 500mg OD for 2 days
48
What is the main concern for treating mycoplasma
There is resistance starting against azithromycin (50%) so now having to use quinolones but these have bad side effects
49
Incubation period for mycoplasma genitalium
Longer than chalymdia (>21 days)
50
How contagious is gonorrhoea
Very - one contact from male to female can have 60-80% transmission, female to male is 20%
51
Incubation period for gonorrhoea
5-8 days
52
Specific symptoms of gonorrhoea in males
80% profuse purulent discharge, 50% dysuria, asymptomatic in 10%
53
Specific symptoms of gonorrhoea in females
50-70% asymptomatic, mucupurulent discharge <50%, pelvic pain <5%
54
Other sites that gonorrhoea can infect
Pharynx - asymptomatic in 90%. Mild pharayngitis. Rectum - asymptomatic in 90%. Can cause purulent rectal discharge
55
Symptoms of disseminated gonococcal infection
Rare <1%, fever, rash, arthritis, tendonitis
56
Treatment of gonorrhoea
3rd generation cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone 1g IM - but check local guidelines
57
When should a test of cure be done for gonorrhoea
2 weeks
58
When should gonorrhoea be treated empirically
Only treat if sex in past 2 weeks with symptoms otherwise tests as needed - could be another STI due to short incubation period

GUM (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions