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Microbiology > Bacterial toxins > Flashcards

Bacterial toxins Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Toxin: Anthrax toxin
-A tripartite (three- subunit) protein that consists of PA, EF and LF.

Toxin Structure: 2A+B

Effect: Disrupts cell signaling, cell migration, and cell death

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2
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Toxin: Protective antigen (PA)

Toxin structure: B subunit

Effect: Cell-binding domain

Mechanism: Facilitates the entry of either edema factor or lethal factor

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3
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Toxin: Edema factor (EF)

Toxin structure: A subunit

Effect: Edema (swelling)

Mechanism: Calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase; increases cAMP in target cells. This results in localized edema.

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4
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Toxin: Lethal factor (LF)

Toxin structure: A subunit

Effect: Pulmonary edema; anti-phagocytic

Mechanism: Zinc-dependent protease that cleaves a host signal transduction molecule.

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5
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Toxin: Adenylate cyclase toxin

Toxin Structure: AB

Effect: Antiphagocytic; inhibits and kills leukocytes

Mechanism: Calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase causes an increase in target cell cAMP levels and a decrease in ATP production. This modifies cell function, resulting in the death of the cell.

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6
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Toxin: Pertussis toxin

Toxin Structure: A+5B

Effect: Many hormonal effects

Mechanism: ADP ribosylation of signal transducing G proteins blocks signal transduction

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7
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Toxin: Tracheal cytotoxin
Effect: Kills cilia-bearing cells

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8
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Toxin: Enterotoxin

Toxin structure: A+5B

Effect: Diarrhea

Mechanism: ADP ribosylation of signal transducing G proteins blocks signal transduction

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9
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Toxin: Botulin (Neurotoxin)
Syn: botulinum toxin

Toxin structure: AB

Effect: Flaccid paralysis

Mechanism: Cleavage of neuromuscular presynaptic proteins blocks presynaptic junctions. This results in the decreased release of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter).

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10
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Toxin: Enterotoxin

Effect: Hemorrhagic diarrhea

Mechanism: Acts at the membrane

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11
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Toxin: Cytotoxin

Toxin structure: AB

Effect: Cells lose filaments

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12
Q

Clostridium species

A

Toxin: α-toxin

Effect: Necrosis in gas gangrene; cytolytic; lethal

Mechanism: Phospholipase C

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13
Q

Clostridium species

A

Toxin: β-toxin

Effect: Necrotic enteritis

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14
Q

Clostridium species

A

Toxin: Enterotoxin

Effect: Food poisoning; diarrhea

Mechanism: Cytotoxin; damages membranes

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15
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Toxin: Tetanospasmin (Neurotoxin)
Syn: Tetanus toxin

Toxin Structure: AB

Effect: Spastic (rigid) paralysis

Mechanism: Cleavage of synaptobrevin prevents the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (both are neurotransmitters) from the synapses of inhibitory neurons.

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16
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae

A

Toxin: Diphtheria toxin

Toxin structure: AB

Effect: Cytolysis (cell death); Kills cells

Mechanism: ADP ribosylation of elongation factor 2 results in the inhibition of protein synthesis.

17
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Toxin: Heat-labile enterotoxin

Toxin structure: A+5B

Effect: Diarrhea

Mechanism: Identical in action to cholera toxin
-ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase results in its activation. This results in an increase in cAMP levels in a cell.

18
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Toxin: Cytotoxin

Effect: Hemorrhagic colitis

Mechanism: Identical in action to Shiga toxin
-Inactivates 60S ribosome, thereby preventing protein synthesis.

19
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Toxin: Heat-stable enterotoxin

Effect: Diarrhea

Mechanism: Activates host guanylate cyclase

20
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Toxin: Cytotoxin

Effect: Cytolysis (cell death); Lyses cells

21
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Toxin: Listeriolysin

Effect: Cytolysis (cell death); Lyses cells

Mechanism: Membrane damage; similar in action to streptolysin O

22
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Toxin: Exotoxin A

Toxin structure: AB

Effect: Cytolysis (cell death); Kills cells

Mechanism: Similar in action to diphtheria toxin

23
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Toxin: Type III cytotoxins

Effect: Modulate host cell physiology

Mechanism:Inhibits actin cytoskeleton

24
Q

Salmonella enterica serovars (subspecies)

A

Toxin: Type III cytotoxins

Effect: Modulate host cell physiology

Mechanism: Alters actin cytoskeleton

25
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A

Toxin: Shiga toxin (Enterotoxin)

Effect: Cytolysis (cell death); Kills cells

Mechanism: Inactivates 60S ribosome, thereby preventing protein synthesis.

26
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Toxin: α-toxin

Effect: Hemolytic, leukocytic, paralysis of smooth muscle

Mechanism: Pore-forming toxin

27
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Toxin: β-toxin

Effect: Cytolytis (cell death)

Mechanism: Sphingomyelinase

28
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Toxin: δ-lysin
Effect: Cytolysis (cell death)
Mechanism: Detergent-like action

29
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Toxin: Enterotoxins
-approximately 23 different types

Effect: Food poisoning: emesis, diarrhea

Mechanism: Super antigen: Activate host antibody and cytokine synthesis by an antigen independent action.

30
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Toxin: Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)

Effect: Fever, headache, arthralgia (joint pain), neutropenia, rash

Mechanism: Super antigen: Activate host antibody and cytokine synthesis by an antigen independent action

31
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Toxin: Exfoliative toxin
Syn: Exfoliating toxin

Effect: Sloughing of skin, associated with scalded skin syndrome

Mechanism: Super antigen: Protease

32
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia

A

Toxin: Pneumolysin
Effect: Cytolysis
Mechanism: Similar to streptolysin O
-Pore-forming toxin

33
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Toxin: Streptolysin O
Effect: Cytolysis
Mechanism: Pore-forming toxin

34
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Toxin: Erythrogenic toxin

Effect: Fever, neutropenia, rash associated with scarlet fever

35
Q

Vibrio cholera

A

Toxin: Choleragen (Enterotoxin)
Syn: cholera toxin

Toxin structure: A+5B

Effect: Diarrhea (secretory diarrhea)

Mechanism: ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase results in its activation. This results in an increase in cAMP levels in a cell.

36
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica

A

Toxin: Heat-stable entertoxin

Effect: Diarrhea

Mechanism: Activate host guanylate cyclase

37
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica

A

Toxin: Type III cytoxins

Effect; Modulate host cell physiology

Mechanism: Regulate cytoskeleton

Microbiology (8 decks)

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