Bacterial Zoonoses

Question 1

What are zoonoses?

Answer 1

Diseases that can be spread from animals to humans under natural conditions

Question 2

What part do humans play in the life cycle of zoonotic diseases?

Answer 2

They are not part of lifecycle; accidental insertion

Question 3

What is the general reservoir for zoonoses?

Answer 3

Non-human animal species

Question 4

What role does the vector play in zoonoses?

Answer 4

Transmits pathogen from reservoir to other animal; Vector can be reservoir as well

Question 5

Typical vector of Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 5

No vector

Question 6

Typical vector for Francisella tularensis?

Answer 6

Ticks, mosquitos, deer flies

Question 7

Typical vector for Brucella species?

Answer 7

No vector

Question 8

Typical vector for Yersinia pestis?

Answer 8

Fleas

Question 9

Typical vector for Bartonella hensalae?

Answer 9

Fleas, possibly ticks

Question 10

What is the normal lifecycle for Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 10

Cow and soil

Question 11

What is the lifecycle of yersinia pestis?

Answer 11

Rat and flea

Question 12

Lifecycle for Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica?

Answer 12

Horsefly/Mosquito/Tick and Rabbit/Beaver

Question 13

Lifecycle for Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis?

Answer 13

Rabbit and Horsefly/Tick

Question 14

What disease does Bacillus anthracis cause?

Answer 14

Anthrax

Question 15

What are the three types of anthrax?

Answer 15

• Cutaneous
• Inhalational
• GI

Question 16

What are the pavlovian presenting Syx of Cutaneous Anthrax?

Answer 16

1. Small sore that develops into a blister
2. Blister turns into a skin ulcer with black eschar
3. Significant edema
4. Blister and ulcer DO NOT HURT

Question 17

Pavlovian occupational risks of anthrax?

Answer 17

Dying cattle/Abattoir

Question 18

Tx for anthrax?

Answer 18

Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline

Question 19

Which type of tularemia is found in the US? Found in Europe?

Answer 19

• US - type A - Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis
• Europe - type B - Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica

Question 20

What are the 5 types of tularemia?

Answer 20

• Ulceroglandular
• Glandular
• Oculoglandular
• Oropharyngeal
• Pneumonic

Question 21

What is the most common type of tularemia? Most severe?

Answer 21

• Common - Ulceroglandular (following a tick or deer fly bite)
• Severe - Pneumonic

Question 22

How is Brucella acquired?

Answer 22

Generally ingestion from infected meat (Cow, pig, sheep)

Question 23

What are the 3 most pathogenic form of Brucella?

Answer 23

• B. melitensis
• B. suis (Serovars 1,3,4)
• B. abortus

Question 24

What are two Pavolvian signs that a cow is infected with Brucella abortus?

Answer 24

• Spontaneous abortion in the 3rd trimester
• Placenta has leathery look

Question 25

What are the 3 major routes of brucella transmission?

Answer 25

* Contact of conjunctiva/broke skin * Ingestion * INhalation

Question 26

What is unique about the brucella incubation period?

Answer 26

5-21 days up to 3 months adding difficulty to Dx due to latency

Question 27

What is the pavolvian sign of Brucellosis?

Answer 27

Undulant FEVER

Question 28

What are the 3 most common complication of Brucellosis?

Answer 28

1. Osteoarticular 2. Hepatomegaly/Splenomegaly 3. GI

Question 29

What is the most common form of lab test used for Brucellosis? Most definitive test?

Answer 29

* Common - serology * Definitive - 4-fold rise in titer

Question 30

Tx for Brucellosis?

Answer 30

Doxycycline/streptomycin combination

Question 31

What is the plague caused by?

Answer 31

Yersinia Pestis

Question 32

What is the typical presentation of the bubonic plague?

Answer 32

* Feber * Painful, swollen, tender lymph nodes (inguinal, axillary, or cervical)

Question 33

Typical Syx and progression of septicemic plague?

Answer 33

* Fever * Prostration * Hemorrhagic/Thrombotic phenomena * Progressing to **ACRAL gangrene**

Question 34

Tx for plague?

Answer 34

Streptomycin

Question 35

What causes cat scratch fever?

Answer 35

Bartonella hensalae

Question 36

What pavlovian scenario would one suspect B. hensalae infection?

Answer 36

Getting a new kitten who doesn't have their shots yet

Question 37

What is the lifecycle of B. henselae? How is it transmitted to humans?

Answer 37

* Cats and fleas * Cat/flea bite

Question 38

A patient infected with HIV gets a concurrent B. henselae/quintana infection. What disease is this patient at risk for?

Answer 38

Bacillary angiomatosis

Question 39

Presentation of an immuncompetent person with Cat Scratch Fever?

Answer 39

Papule or pustule forming at the inoculation site

Question 40

What pathogens are associated with cat and dog bites?

Answer 40

* Cat - primarily Pasteurella multocida * Dog - primarily Capnocytophaga canimorsus **Note: Either animal can present with either** **of the above diseases**