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DWT Exam 2 > Bacteriology 10: Gram negative respiratory pathogens > Flashcards

Bacteriology 10: Gram negative respiratory pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Is Pasteruellaceae is gram + or gram -

A

Gram -

Short rods

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2
Q

How many generas do Pasteruellaceae have and which do we need to know?

A

23 generas

the ones we need to know:
-Pasteruella multocida
-mannheimia haemolytica
-actinobacillus spp
-Histophilus somni
-Glasserella parasuis
-Avibacterium paragallinarum (chickens)

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3
Q

Shared features of Pasteruellaceae?

A

Gram- rods

Facultativelt anaerobic

Oxidase +

Most are NON-motile

grow on blood agar
-except histophilus, Glaeserella, Avibacterium need
additional growth factors e.g., in “chocolate” agar

Variable growth on MacConkey’s agar even though
gram negative rods
-P. multocida, Histophilus somni, Glaeserella
parasuis all CANNOT grow on MacConkey

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4
Q

Do Pasteruellaceae vary in their ability to cause disease?

A

YES

Some genra cause BROAD RANGE of infectious disease

Others cause more SPECIFIC SYNDROMES

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5
Q

Pasteurella Multocida description?

A

Gram negative rods (short)

Bipolar staining in Giemsa/Diff Quik

Facultatively anaerobic

Oxidase positive

Non-motile

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6
Q

Describe Pasteurellae

genus
species
key animal species affected,
key features of Dz

A
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7
Q

Where do Pasteurella Multocida come from?

A

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Digestive tract

Lower

Some are only present on the mucus membranes of CARRIER ANIMALS and birds
-NONE survive in the environment for a long time

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7
Q

How are Pasteurellacea transmitted?

A

Occur in sites NEAR where these bacteria occurs as part of the normal flora

TRANSMISSION

Inhalation

Direct inoculation either locally or systemically

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8
Q

How do Pasteurellaceae cause disease?

A

Attachment

Avoidance of phagocytosis

Cellular toxicity

Local & Systemic Effects

capsules (5 TYPES)

Endotoxins

EXOTOXINS- play a large role in their diseases

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of Pasteurellaceae infections?

What are factors?

A

OPPORTUNISTIC infections
-because its’s normal flora

Factors causing an OPPORTUNITY:
-transportation
-“stress”
-inhalation
-respiratory virus

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10
Q

What are Risk factors of pathogenesis of Pasteurellaceae infections?

A

Age

co-mingling

crowding or indoors

other infections (viral)

Poor weather

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11
Q

Pasteurella Multocida host and environment factors PLAY LESS OF A ROLE in the induction of disease-

A

add**

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12
Q

Pasteurella Multocida what is the big deal?

A

It occurs world wide

Significant cause of economic lossess
add**

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13
Q

What is the most important disease that Pasteurella Multocida causes?

A

PNEUMONIA

wide range

Bovine respiratory disease complex of shipping fever

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14
Q

What happens with Transport that causes Pasteurella Multocida?

A

Horses - heads being tied up

goats

chickens

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15
Q

When is the second biggest issue that Pasteurella Multocida causes?

A

RHINITIES

Rabbits
-known as “snuffles”
-Develop mucopurulent discharge that occludes nares and conjunctiva
-has a wide range of severity

Pigs
- disease of 3-7 weeks young pigs
Combined effects of 2 bacteria
add**

16
Q

What are results in destruction of turbinates and conchal bones of the snout in pigs?

A
17
Q

How does Pasteurella Multocida clinical seen?

A

Sneezing

Epistaxis

Facial distortion

18
Q

Pasteurella Multocida infection with wound infections?

A

Cat bites are more likely to be infected in comparison to dogs

Bite wounds or licking open wounds

19
Q

Pasteurella Multocida realtion with septicemia

A

Foreign animal disease

-Bovine hemorrhagic septicemia
-Fowl cholera (poultry) outbreaks of disease

20
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica affects what species?

A

small ruminants and cattle

21
Q

What are the 3 diseases that Mannheimia haemolytica cause?

A

Pnumonia/bronchopneumonia
-cattle-transport
-sheeps and goats

Necrotizing mastitis
-ewes

Septicemia
-lambs

22
Q

Actinobacillus equuli is seen in what species?

A

HORSES
also pigs, calves)

23
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus equuli?

A

Sleepy foal disease

Peritonitis in adult horses

Pneumonia and pleuropneumonia

24
Q

Where does Actinobacillus equuli usually appear?

A

Liver

25
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresii causess what disease?

A

Wooden tongue

ruminants
-result of trauma to oral cavity
multiple pyogranulomatous abscesses (chronic)

invasion can go past tongue

26
Q

A. Pleuropneumoniae occurs in what species?

A

PIGS

due to overcrowding, poor ventilation, other agents

27
Q

A. Pleuropneumoniae caues what disease?

A

Fibrinous pneumonia and pleuritis
-may be subclinical

28
Q

Actinobacillus suis effects what species?

A

PIGS

29
Q

What does A. Pleuropneumoniae causes?

A

SEPTICEMIA in pigs

mostly in piglets 1-8 weeks

invasion via respiratory tract

edema, and PETECHIAE throughout organs

30
Q

Glaeserella parasuis effects what species?

A

PIGS

31
Q

What diseases does Glaeserella parasuis cause?

A

Bronchopneumonia
-2nd to viral/mycoplasma infections

Glässer’s Disease
-Septicemia and polyserositis
-Young, weaned pigs (as maternal Ab is waning)
-STRESS (e.g., weaning, crowding) plays a major role in induction of this disease

32
Q

Histophilus somni effects what speicies?

A

CATTLE

33
Q

Histophilus somni causes what diseases?

A

Respritory disease

Thrombotic meningoencephalitis

Reproductive failure (abortion/infertility)

34
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum effects what species?

A

Pultry

CHICKENS

35
Q

What does Avibacterium paragallinarum cause?

A

inflammation of turbinates, sinus epithelium, sometimes air sacculitis

sneezing and facial swelling

36
Q

How you treat pasteurellaceae infections?

A

Antibiotics
~used to be susceptible~ to a wide range of antibiotics including oenicillin, teracyclines

However the resistance has INCREASED in Pasteurella and Mannheima for RUMINANTS

PENICILLIN still effective for
- pasteurella in other species
-antinobacillus spp. H somni
- may also use ampicillin, ect.

Avian disease: sulfonamides, erythromycin, tetracyclines

Ancillary therapy
DRAINAGE – it may be the only thing you may need
then supportive care

DWT Exam 2 (21 decks)

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