Bacteriology 10: Gram negative respiratory pathogens

Question 1

Is Pasteruellaceae is gram + or gram -

Answer 1

Gram -

Short rods

Question 2

How many generas do Pasteruellaceae have and which do we need to know?

Answer 2

23 generas

the ones we need to know:
-Pasteruella multocida
-mannheimia haemolytica
-actinobacillus spp
-Histophilus somni
-Glasserella parasuis
-Avibacterium paragallinarum (chickens)

Question 3

Shared features of Pasteruellaceae?

Answer 3

Gram- rods

Facultativelt anaerobic

Oxidase +

Most are NON-motile

grow on blood agar
-except histophilus, Glaeserella, Avibacterium need
additional growth factors e.g., in “chocolate” agar

Variable growth on MacConkey’s agar even though
gram negative rods
-P. multocida, Histophilus somni, Glaeserella
parasuis all CANNOT grow on MacConkey

Question 4

Do Pasteruellaceae vary in their ability to cause disease?

Answer 4

YES

Some genra cause BROAD RANGE of infectious disease

Others cause more SPECIFIC SYNDROMES

Question 5

Pasteurella Multocida description?

Answer 5

Gram negative rods (short)

Bipolar staining in Giemsa/Diff Quik

Facultatively anaerobic

Oxidase positive

Non-motile

Question 6

Describe Pasteurellae

genus
species
key animal species affected,
key features of Dz

Answer 6

Question 7

Where do Pasteurella Multocida come from?

Answer 7

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Digestive tract

Lower

Some are only present on the mucus membranes of CARRIER ANIMALS and birds
-NONE survive in the environment for a long time

Question 7

How are Pasteurellacea transmitted?

Answer 7

Occur in sites NEAR where these bacteria occurs as part of the normal flora

TRANSMISSION

Inhalation

Direct inoculation either locally or systemically

Question 8

How do Pasteurellaceae cause disease?

Answer 8

Attachment

Avoidance of phagocytosis

Cellular toxicity

Local & Systemic Effects

capsules (5 TYPES)

Endotoxins

EXOTOXINS- play a large role in their diseases

Question 9

Pathogenesis of Pasteurellaceae infections?

What are factors?

Answer 9

OPPORTUNISTIC infections
-because its’s normal flora

Factors causing an OPPORTUNITY:
-transportation
-“stress”
-inhalation
-respiratory virus

Question 10

What are Risk factors of pathogenesis of Pasteurellaceae infections?

Answer 10

Age

co-mingling

crowding or indoors

other infections (viral)

Poor weather

Question 11

Pasteurella Multocida host and environment factors PLAY LESS OF A ROLE in the induction of disease-

Answer 11

add**

Question 12

Pasteurella Multocida what is the big deal?

Answer 12

It occurs world wide

Significant cause of economic lossess
add**

Question 13

What is the most important disease that Pasteurella Multocida causes?

Answer 13

PNEUMONIA

wide range

Bovine respiratory disease complex of shipping fever

Question 14

What happens with Transport that causes Pasteurella Multocida?

Answer 14

Horses - heads being tied up

goats

chickens

Question 15

When is the second biggest issue that Pasteurella Multocida causes?

Answer 15

RHINITIES

Rabbits
-known as “snuffles”
-Develop mucopurulent discharge that occludes nares and conjunctiva
-has a wide range of severity

Pigs
- disease of 3-7 weeks young pigs
Combined effects of 2 bacteria
add**

Question 16

What are results in destruction of turbinates and conchal bones of the snout in pigs?

Answer 16

Question 17

How does Pasteurella Multocida clinical seen?

Answer 17

Sneezing

Epistaxis

Facial distortion

Question 18

Pasteurella Multocida infection with wound infections?

Answer 18

Cat bites are more likely to be infected in comparison to dogs

Bite wounds or licking open wounds

Question 19

Pasteurella Multocida realtion with septicemia

Answer 19

Foreign animal disease

-Bovine hemorrhagic septicemia
-Fowl cholera (poultry) outbreaks of disease

Question 20

Mannheimia haemolytica affects what species?

Answer 20

small ruminants and cattle

Question 21

What are the 3 diseases that Mannheimia haemolytica cause?

Answer 21

Pnumonia/bronchopneumonia
-cattle-transport
-sheeps and goats

Necrotizing mastitis
-ewes

Septicemia
-lambs

Question 22

Actinobacillus equuli is seen in what species?

Answer 22

HORSES
also pigs, calves)

Question 23

What disease does Actinobacillus equuli?

Answer 23

Sleepy foal disease

Peritonitis in adult horses

Pneumonia and pleuropneumonia

Question 24

Where does Actinobacillus equuli usually appear?

Answer 24

Liver

Question 25

Actinobacillus lignieresii causess what disease?

Answer 25

Wooden tongue ruminants -result of trauma to oral cavity multiple pyogranulomatous abscesses (chronic) invasion can go past tongue

Question 26

A. Pleuropneumoniae occurs in what species?

Answer 26

PIGS due to overcrowding, poor ventilation, other agents

Question 27

A. Pleuropneumoniae caues what disease?

Answer 27

Fibrinous pneumonia and pleuritis -may be subclinical

Question 28

Actinobacillus suis effects what species?

Answer 28

PIGS

Question 29

What does A. Pleuropneumoniae causes?

Answer 29

SEPTICEMIA in pigs mostly in piglets 1-8 weeks invasion via respiratory tract edema, and PETECHIAE throughout organs

Question 30

Glaeserella parasuis effects what species?

Answer 30

PIGS

Question 31

What diseases does Glaeserella parasuis cause?

Answer 31

Bronchopneumonia -2nd to viral/mycoplasma infections Glässer’s Disease -Septicemia and polyserositis -Young, weaned pigs (as maternal Ab is waning) -STRESS (e.g., weaning, crowding) plays a major role in induction of this disease

Question 32

Histophilus somni effects what speicies?

Answer 32

CATTLE

Question 33

Histophilus somni causes what diseases?

Answer 33

Respritory disease Thrombotic meningoencephalitis Reproductive failure (abortion/infertility)

Question 34

Avibacterium paragallinarum effects what species?

Answer 34

Pultry CHICKENS

Question 35

What does Avibacterium paragallinarum cause?

Answer 35

inflammation of turbinates, sinus epithelium, sometimes air sacculitis sneezing and facial swelling

Question 36

How you treat pasteurellaceae infections?

Answer 36

Antibiotics ~used to be susceptible~ to a wide range of antibiotics including oenicillin, teracyclines However the resistance has INCREASED in Pasteurella and Mannheima for RUMINANTS PENICILLIN still effective for - pasteurella in other species -antinobacillus spp. H somni - may also use ampicillin, ect. Avian disease: sulfonamides, erythromycin, tetracyclines Ancillary therapy DRAINAGE -- it may be the only thing you may need then supportive care