Path 6: Vascular Events in Acute Inflammation

Question 1

Lung-bull

Answer 1

Light pink part: normal (could tell by feeling lung)

–below light pink
.the most infected part that is dark red, purple

.pneumonia/regionally extensive/its on the ventral and cranial part of the lung because animal walks on all 4

known as Shipping Fever

Question 2

Inflammation is described as?

Answer 2

an organized cascade of fluid and cellular changes within vascularized tissue

Host response to remove damaged/necrotic tissue or foreign invaders

Question 3

Inflammation is part of the process of _______ and ______

Answer 3

Repair

Healing

-destroys, dilutes, or walls off injurious agents
-initiates healing and tissue repair

Question 4

Fundamentally Inflammation is what kind of response?

Answer 4

PROTECTIVE

-get rid of pathogens
-remove necrotic debris (phagocytosis)
-repair damage = return to normal structure/function

Question 5

Inflammation and repair can be potentially __________

Answer 5

HARMFUL

-rheumatoid arthritis
-cirrhosis
-type 2 diabetes
-alzheimer’s disease
-atherosclerosis

Question 6

5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 6

Heat

Redness

Swelling

Pain

Loss of function

Question 7

Host stand point the goal is?

Answer 7

Dilute, destroy, or wall off injurious agents; initiates healing tissue repair

Question 8

What are the 2 kind of inflammation types?

Answer 8

ACUTE
-rapid
-short duration
-characterized by exudation of fluid and plasma protein (edema) and emigration of leukocytes (mostly neutrophils)

CHRONIC
-longer duration (days to years)
-macrophages and lymphocytes
-proliferation of blood vessels and connective tissue (fibrosis)

Question 9

What kind of diseases are caused by chronic diseases?

Answer 9

Life style diseases

ex.
rheumatoid arthritis
cirrhosis
type 2 diabetes
alzheimers
atherosclerosis

Question 10

Kidney- Cat

Answer 10

Multifocal
disseminated

serpent-like opaque are following blood vessel

Vasculitis–FIP

Question 11

3 main components of Acute inflammation

Answer 11

HYPERIMIA

-vascular change leading to increased blood flow

-changes in microvasculature perm that allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to leave the circulation

-Emigration of leukocytes into the perivascular area

Question 12

First phase of inflammation?

Answer 12

Vascular system

increased blood flow

Question 13

Second phase of inflammation?

Answer 13

endothelial cells become leaky of plasma proteins–> edema

Question 14

Third phase of inflammation?

Answer 14

leukocytes crawl out of blood vessels going to site

neutrophil emigration

Question 15

What are stimuli for Acute inflammation?

Answer 15

Infections

Trauma

Physical and chemical agents

Tissue necrosis

Foreign body

Immune reactions

Question 16

Exudative
(extravascular fluid)

Answer 16

fluid goes out of vessel

-high protein concentration>5g/dL

-high cell content >5000 cells/mL

-Specific gravity >1.020

Formed when there is significant ALTERATION IN SMALL BLOOD VESSEL PERMEABILITY at the site of injury

Question 17

Answer 17

pyometra

bacterial infection

Question 18

Answer 18

pyometra

puss in uterus

Question 19

Transudate (extravascular fluid)

Answer 19

low protein concentration <2g/dL
low cell content <1500 leukocytes/mL
Specific gravity < 1.012

Question 20

pleural effusion relates with what?

Answer 20

hydrostatic pressure

edema

heart failure

Question 21

Edema

Answer 21

an accumulation of fluid in intestinal or serous cavities

Question 22

Pus

Answer 22

a purulent exudate rich in leukocytes (mostly neutrophils) and cell debris

Question 23

Vascular phases and what occurs?

Answer 23

Vasodilation

increased permeability of microvasculature

loss of fluid results in concen of red cells in small vessels, increased blood sicosity and blood stasis

Stasis

Question 24

Leakage in fluid

Answer 24

endothelial contraction
direct endothelial injury
leukocyte-dependent injury
increased transcytosis

Question 25

endothelial contraction

Answer 25

increase in intererndothelial space
(mediated by histamine, bradykinins, leukotrienes)

rapid and short lived

unlike reason for big effect

Question 26

direct injury to endo cells

Answer 26

direct injury can cause necrosis and detachment

starts immediately, lasts until thrombosis occurs or endothelium repaired

Question 27

leukocytes-mediated injury

Answer 27

activated WBC may secrete FREE RADICALS and PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES, leading to cell damage

Question 28

TRANSCYTOSIS

Answer 28

increased transport of fluid and protein through endothelial cells