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Bacteriology Flashcards

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1
Q

Mastitis- contagious pathogens

A

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, Trueperella pyogenes, Mycoplasma

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2
Q

Mastitis- environmental pathogens

A

Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas

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3
Q

Coliform mastitis

A

E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
Most common cause of fatal mastitis
Mammary infarcts, thin, serosanguinous milk with fibrinous secretions

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4
Q

Staphylococcal mastitis

A

Second most common cause of fatal mastitis
Gangrenous teats (red/black), suppurative or granulomatous inflammation (firm, tan-white nodules), thick, tan milk

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5
Q

Listeriosis

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Bacteria found in poor-quality silage (high pH) and in dead/dying vegetation
Ingested bacteria travel up trigeminal nerve and form microabscesses in the brainstem
Characterized by unilateral cranial nerve signs, including vestibular signs

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6
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Bovine footrot

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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9
Q

Ovine footrot

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

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10
Q

Bovine digital dermatitis (“hairy heel warts”)

A

Treponema

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11
Q

Bovine actinomycosis

A

“Lumpy jaw”
Actinomyces bovis

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12
Q

Woody tongue

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

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13
Q

Bovine salmonellosis

A

S. typhimurium, S. newport, S. dublin
Most infections are subclinical, organisms are ubiquitous
Usually only causes disease if GI stasis or dysbiosis occur
Septicemia, acute or chronic enteritis, asymptomatic carrier state
Acute enteritis- fever, anorexia, foul-smelling diarrhea with casts/sheets of fibrin (sloughing mucosa), can be associated with dry gangrene of distal limbs
Ceftiofur is treatment of choice

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14
Q

Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease)

A

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis
Persists in environment

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15
Q

Bovine enterotoxigenic Eschericia coli

A

Disease affects calves <3 days of age
Watery, yellow diarrhea, may have blood

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16
Q

Bovine clostridial enteritis

A

Clostridium perfringens type A- acute hemorrhagic abomasitis of calves (2-4 months of age)
C. perfringens type C- neurologic signs, sudden death

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17
Q

Fowl cholera

A

Pasteurella multocida
Severe pneumonia and/or septicemia
Chickens and turkeys >10 weeks of age
Carried by mammals and spread in the water
Sudden death, mucoid discharge from the mouth, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and increased respiratory rate

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18
Q

Poultry salmonellosis

A

Many species of Salmonella, including Salmonella enteritidis which causes disease in humans
High mortality in birds <2 weeks of age
Omphalitis, peritonitis, cecal cores, hepatitis, myocarditis
Can cause paratyphoid in older birds - hepatomegaly, perihepatitis, airsacculitis

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19
Q

Porcine colibacillosis

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Profuse yellow, watery diarrhea that can start as little as 12 hours as birth
Chyle in lacteals of small intestine mesentery
100% morbidity, high mortality
Vaccination and environmental control

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20
Q

Porcine edema disease

A

E. coli (may or may not be enterotoxigenic)
Shiga-like toxin damages vascular endothelium causing visible edema of stomach, colon, and eyelids
Neurologic signs result from edema and necrosis of the brain

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21
Q

Porcine salmonellosis

A

Salmonella typhimurium (enterocolitis) and S. choleraesuis (systemic disease)
Enteritis- yellowish diarrhea with or without blood, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, thickened intestines with fibrin, “button” ulcers in small intestine, rectal stricture*
Systemic- pneumonia, paratyphoid nodules; non-responsive to penicillin!

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22
Q

Swine dysentery

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea with high morbidity/moderate mortality
Large intestine only
Microscopic visualization of organism (spirochete)
Brachyspira pilisicoli (similar disease with less severe symptoms)

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23
Q

Porcine proliferative enteropathy

A

“Ileitis”
Lawsonia intracellularis
Dark, hemorrhagic diarrhea (acute) or intermittent diarrhea and wasting (chronic)
Hemorrhage and thickening of small intestine (“garden hose gut”)
PCR (culture NOT possible, intracellular organism)

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24
Q

Porcine mycoplasma pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Secondary infections are main concern (PRDC)
Chronic cough, especially induced by excitement/exercise
Other signs of illness mild or absent
Cranioventral lung consolidation
PCR (culture is difficult)
Vaccination recommended if exposure is likely

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25
Porcine pleuropneumonia
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia Fever, labored breathing, hemorrhagic nasal discharge or saliva, sudden death Minimal to no coughing Pulmonary hemorrhage and infarction Culture (requires NAD)
26
Porcine pasteurellosis
Pasteurella multocida Chronic cough, decreased growth rate Purulent bronchopneumonia Culture
27
Porcine polyserositis (3 main causes)
Streptococcus suis - post-weaning; meningitis* (neurologic signs), pneumonia, polyserositis, neutrophilic Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser's disease) - post-weaning; meningitis, pneumonia, polyserositis*, neutrophilic Mycoplasma hyorhinis- polyserositis, polyarthritis, lymphocytic Culture
28
Porcine bordetellosis
Bordetella bronchiseptica Hemorrhagic lobular consolidation in nursing/recently-weaned pigs Can cause atrophic rhinitis n conjunction with Pasteurella multocida (sneezing, tearing, epistaxis, loss of nasal turbinates, distortion of snouts)
29
Porcine leptospirosis
Leptospira pomona* and L. bratislava Most common sign is late-term abortion (3rd trimester) Vaccination commonly recommened Tetracycline antibiotics Zoonotic
30
Porcine neonatal septicemia
Most commonly Streptococcus sp. and E. coli "Navel ill" Polyarthritis
31
Exudative dermatitis
Staphylococcus hyicus Non-pruitic skin condition Brown-to-black greasy exudate on skin
32
Eperythrozoonosis
Mycoplasma suis Damages red blood cells Fever, icterus, anemia
33
Erysipelas
Erysipelopthrix rhusiopathiae "Diamond skin disease" - diamond skin lesions pathognomonic but uncommon Arthritis/lameness, vegetative endocarditis, cutaneous erythema, sudden death Penicillin Vaccination recommended
34
Porcine cystitis/polynephritis
Actinobacterium suis Fever, hematuria, PU/PD Alkaline urine
35
Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis Swine relatively resistant
36
Tuberculosis
Swine- Mycobacterium avium (of little concern) Bovine- Mycobacterium bovis- firm, encapsulated nodules containing caseous material in lungs
37
Endocarditis
Bovine- Trueperella pyogenes, tricuspid valve (right-sided heart failure)
38
Ruminant sinusitis
Dehorning-associated - Trueperella pyogenes, frontal sinus, penicillin Infected teeth - Pastueruella multocida, maxillary sinus, tetracyclines/macrolides Nasal discharge, stridor, head tilt, exophthalmos, neurologic signs Establish drainage!
39
Necrotic laryngitis
Calf diphtheria- infection of laryngeal mucosa and cartilage Fusobacterium necrophorum Inspiratory dyspnea, open-mouthed breathing, extended neck, halitosis, frequent swallowing Arytenoid chondritis can result (fibrotic) - requires surgery
40
Mannheimia haemolytica (BRDC)
Necrotizing fibrinous broncho/pleuropneumonia (thoracic pain) Leukotoxin - lysis of WBCs and platelets LPS - endotoxemia Cranioventral lung consolidation
41
Pasteurella multocida (BRDC)
Pneumonia Less severe disease and shorter duration that M. haemolytica Endotoxemia can occur Cranioventral lung consolidation
42
Histophilus somni (BRDC + other)
Respiratory disease - pneumonia and fibrinous pleuritis Neurologic disease - thromboembolic meningoencephalitis Other disease - otitis polyarthritis, myocarditis (left ventricle) Vasculitis and vascular thrombi + hypersensitivity-like reaction (produces histamine + IgE production) Profound depression, tachypnea, stiffness, weakness/ataxia, lameness, sudden death Vaccination available, chance of hypersensitivity reaction
43
Mycoplasma bovis (BRDC + other)
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, arthritis, tenosynovitis, otitis Common complaint is animal is not responding to treatment (Mycoplasma) Can be transmitted in milk to calves Vaccination, must contain leukotoxin and be species-appropriate
44
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides
Serious cause of mortality for kids and does Peracute - high fever and rapid death Neurologic syndrome - CNS signs and rapid death Acute/subacute - high fever, swollen joints, pneumonia Fibrinopurulent polyarthritis, ~50% have pneumonia Culture milk
45
Trueperella pyogenes
Internal or subcutaneous abscesses in ruminants Metastatic pneumonia - abscesses in lungs caused by septic thromboembolism often from liver abscesses secondary to ruminitis (other common organism is Fusobacterium necrophorum); epistaxis/hemoptysis, dyspnea, pallor (intrapulmonary hemorrhage), cor pulmonale (right-sided CHF) Also associated with sinusitis following dehorning, contagious mastitis, and endocarditis
46
Caseous lymphadenitis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (also causes "pigeon fever" in horses and bovine ulcerative lymphangitis) Disease of small ruminants Internal form - pyogranulomatous abscesses mediastinal/mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, and other internal organs External form (most common) - abscessation of external lymph nodes Culture of abscess contents No antibiotics (uncurable), strict isolation while lesion is draining
47
Dermatophilosis
"Rain rot" Dermatophilus congolensis Infective zoospores activated by moisture Non-pruritic lesions on dorsum and lower limbs "Paint brush" tufts of fur overlying crusts - beneath crusts is pus and pink granulation tissue Impression smear- 2-8 parallel rows ("railroad track" or "congo line") of cocci bacteria
48
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
"Pinkeye" Most common eye disease of cattle Transmitted by flies Moraxella bovis - cytotoxin that damages corneal epithelium resulting in a corneal ulcer Synergism with bovine herpesvirus-1 and Mycoplasma infections (conjunctivitis) Blepharospasm, epiphora, photophobia, corneal edema, ulcer Topical antibiotics
49
Small ruminant keratoconjunctivitis
Mycoplasma conjunctivae Epiphora, conjunctival hyperemia, usually unilateral Recover spontaneously in ~10 days Direct transmission, can be reinfected or become carrier Chlamydophila pecorum Epiphora, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia Bilaterally symmetric Associated with polyarthritis Usually self-limiting
50
Bovine anaplasmosis
Anaplasma marginale Transmitted by Dermacenter tick species Most cattle do not develop disease, become life-long carriers Disease characterized by extravascular hemolysis - anemia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, weakness, high fever Organisms on periphery of RBC on blood smear Tetracyclines
51
Bacillary hemoglobinuria
Disease of cattle caused by Clostridium novyi type D Bacteria gain entry into liver and remain quiescent - liver damage (often Fasciola hepatica) provides anaerobic environment for bacteria - toxins released into bloodstream - intravascular hemolysis Hemoglobinuria, pigment nephropathy Can give penicillin but prognosis is poor Control liver flukes (Clostridium vaccine ineffective)
52
Bovine ulcerative lymphangitis
53
Bovine pyelonephritis
Corynebacterium renale
54
Bovine leptospirosis
55
Chlamydiosis
56
Campylobacteriosis
57
Brucellosis
58
Q-fever
Coxiella burnetti
59
mycoplasma hyosynoviae
59
Turkey coryza (bordetellosis)
60
Infectious coryza (chickens)
Avibacterium paragallinarum
61
Poultry Mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
62
Poultry chlamydiosis (psittacosis)
63
Clostridium botulinum

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