BACTERIOLOGY

Question 1

Smallest units capable of independent existence

Answer 1

Living Cells

Question 2

Usually less than 5um in length

Answer 2

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 3

Membrane-bound organelles are present

Answer 3

Eukaryotic Cells

Question 4

80S ribosomes in cytoplasm; 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 4

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 5

Nucleic acid occurs as a single molecule, often circular

Answer 5

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 6

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus absent

Answer 6

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 7

Unicellular and are smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells such as mammalian red blood cells

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

Bacteria occur as _______, _______, _________ forms and occasionally as ____________.

Answer 8

rods, cocci, helical ; branching filaments

Question 9

Readily seen using conventional light microscopy

Answer 9

Red Blood Cell

Question 10

Rod shaped cells, usually stained by the Gram method. Using bright-field microscopy, a magnification of 1000x is required to observe most bacterial cells.

Answer 10

Bacillus

Question 11

Spherical-shaped cells, often occuring in chains or in grape -like clusters.

Answer 11

Coccus

Question 12

Thin, helical bacteria, dark field microscopy (without staining) or special staining methods are required to demonstrate these unusual microorganisms.

Answer 12

Spirochaete

Question 13

Yeasts, molds and mushrooms belong to a large group of non-photosynthetic eukaryotes.

Answer 13

Fungi

Question 14

Produce filamentous microscopic structures called molds.

Answer 14

Multicellular fungi

Question 15

Yeast; spherical or ovoid shape and multiply by budding

Answer 15

Unicellular fungi

Question 16

Often occur in chains or grape-like clusters

Answer 16

Coccus

Question 17

Reproduce by budding

Answer 17

Yeast

Question 18

Branched structures (hyphae) composed of many cells.

Answer 18

Mould

Question 19

Considered plant-like because they contain chlorophyll; free living in water, others grow on the surfaces of rocks and on other structures in the environment.

Answer 19

Algae

Question 20

They are not cells and consist of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, enclosed in a protein coat called capsid.

Answer 20

Viruses

Question 21

Viruses which invade bacterial cells.

Answer 21

Bacteriophages

Question 22

Readily seen at magnification of 1000x

Answer 22

Coccus

Question 23

devoid of nucleic acid, composed of abnormally folded protein capable of inducing conformational chages in host cell protein then damages long-lived cells such as neurons.

Answer 23

Prions

Question 24

exhibit remarkable resistance to physical and chemical inactivation procedures.

Answer 24

Prions

Question 25

Stain of Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 25

purple-blue

Question 26

Stain of Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 26

red

Question 27

Gram positive, cluster-forming cocci; nonmotile, facultative anaerobes, catalase-positive; fermentative, grow on non-enriched media.

Answer 27

Staphylococcus species

Question 28

detects the presence of a bound coagulase or clumping factor on the bacterial surface.

Answer 28

Slide test

Question 29

detects free coagulase or staphylocoagulase which is secreted by the bacteria into the plasma.

Answer 29

Tube test

Question 30

Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors

Answer 30

coagulase protein A leukocidin beta and alpha toxin toxic-shock syndrome toxin (TSST)

Question 31

Toxins produced by S. aureus

Answer 31

Alpha hemolysin Beta hemolysin Gamma hemolysin Delta hemolysin Leukocidin Enterotoxin

Question 32

Enzymes produced by S. aureus

Answer 32

Coagulase (free) Hyaluronidase (spreading factor) Deoxyribonuclease Fibrinolysin (staphylokinase) Lipase Protease

Question 33

Produces toxins similar (but not identical) to S. aureus

Answer 33

S. hyicus

Question 34

Induced recurrent pyoderma- mast cell degranulation. Results in an intense inflammatory reaction-- leads to pruritus, erythem, etc.

Answer 34

S. intermedius

Question 35

Sucklers and weaned pigs up to 3 months. Widespread excessive sebaceous secretion, exfoliation and exudation on the skin surface

Answer 35

Exudative epidermitis

Question 36

Ixodes ricinus is a vector for the rickettsial agent of tick-borne fever.

Answer 36

Tick pyemia

Question 37

A chronic, suppurative granulomatous condition. It can occur within a few weeks of castration in the horse due to infection of the stump of the spermatic cord (scirrhous cord).

Answer 37

Botryomycosis

Question 38

Gram positive cocci in chains; facultative anaerobes, usually motile, catalase negative; fastidious, requiring enriched media; form small, usually hemolytic, transclucent colonies.

Answer 38

Streptococci

Question 39

Classified based on type of hemolysis, biochemical tests and by serological means (Lancefield groups) using precipitation test based on the cell surface carbohydrate moiety.

Answer 39

Streptococci

Question 40

complete hemolysis indicated by clear zones around colonies

Answer 40

Beta-hemolysis

Question 41

partial or incomplete haemolysis indicated by greenish or hazy zones around colonies

Answer 41

Alpha-haemolysis

Question 42

denotes no observable changes in the blood agar around colonies

Answer 42

Gamma-haemolysis

Question 43

elaborates a factor which completely lyses the red cells already damaged by the beta hemolysin of staphylococcusu aureus, producing a characteristic clear 'arrow head' pattern of complete hemolysis.

Answer 43

Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 44

highly selective for the streptococci and also indicates aesculin hydrolysis and the type of haemolysis.

Answer 44

Edwards medium

Question 45

causes strangles, highly contagious, severe purulent infection of the upper respiratory tract and draining lymph nodes of solipeds

Answer 45

Streptococcus equi

Question 46

Common finding of strangles

Answer 46

Guttural pouch empyema

Question 47

considered to be an immune-mediated disease, may occur in some affected horses 1 to 3 weeks after initial illness.

Answer 47

Purpura Haemorrhagica

Question 48

Virulence factors of streptococcus equi

Answer 48

1. Cytotoxin 2. M protein 3. Hyaluronic Acid Capsule

Question 49

causes ruminant mastitis, neonatal sepsis and meningitis in humans

Answer 49

Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 50

GBS virulence factors

Answer 50

1. Cell surface structures 2. Major exotoxin 3. CAMP Factor 4. Neuraminidase 5. Hemolysin 6. Vasoactive extracellular toxin 7. Hyaluronidase

Question 51

carried in the mouth, skin lesions of the udder, and in vagina

Answer 51

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Question 52

commensal of bovine GIT & skin, causes opportunistic disease (primarily mastitis) in cows reared under poor management conditions.

Answer 52

Streptococcus uberis

Question 53

carrier pigs harbor the organism in tonsillar tissues; causes meningitis, arthritis, septicemia and bronchopneumonia in pigs of all ages, and with sporadic cases of endocarditis, neonatal deaths and abortion.

Answer 53

Streptococcus suis

Question 54

causative agent of "swine strangles"/jowl abscessation, a severe cervical/mandibular lymphadenopathy.

Answer 54

Streptococcus porcinus

Question 55

causes disease in several host species.

Answer 55

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Question 56

Pleomorphic, gram-positive bacteria which occur in coccoid, club and rod forms (coryneform morphology)

Answer 56

Genus corynebacterium

Question 57

Caused by the non-nitrate reducing biotype of C. psedutuberculosis.

Answer 57

Caseous lymphadenitis

Question 58

Caused by the non-nitrate reducing biotype of C. psedutuberculosis.

Answer 58

Caseous lymphadenitis

Question 59

Caused by the non-nitrate reducing biotype of C. pseudotuberculosis.

Answer 59

Caseous lymphadenitis

Question 60

Sporadic cases caused by the nitrate reducing biotype of C. pseudotuberculosis.

Answer 60

Ulcerative lymphangitis in horses and cattle

Question 61

Characterized by ulceration around the preputial orifice, with a brownish crust developing over the lesion. Common in merino sheep and angora goats, caused by C. renale.

Answer 61

Ulcerative (enzootic) balanoposthitis (pizzle rot)

Question 62

Organisms belonging to the C. renale group can be isolated from the vulva, vagina and prepuce of apparently normal cattle.

Answer 62

Bovine pyelonephritis

Question 63

Virulence factor of Bovine pyelonephritis

Answer 63

Pili/fimbriae Their ability to break down urea into ammonia Produce cell lysis agent called Renalin

Question 64

Gram-positive rods or cocci; Growth on non-enriched media; Aerobic, non-motile

Answer 64

Genus Rhodococcus

Question 65

Salmon-pink mucoid colonies with no haemolysis; Soil saprophyte

Answer 65

Genus Rhodococcus

Question 66

Produces a factor which completely lyses the red cells previously damaged by the beta haemolysis of Staphylococcus aureus, producing a spade-shaped pattern of complete haemolysis which extends across the streak of S. aureus.

Answer 66

CAMP test-positive

Question 67

Generally acquired by inhalation of dust contaminated with R. equi.

Answer 67

Suppurative bronchopneumonia of foals

Question 68

Many species with branching filaments; anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic; morphologically heterogenous; nonmotile; MZN negative or positive. -relatively slow growth on laboratory media - opportunistic pathogens

Answer 68

Genus Actinomyces

Question 69

Invasion of the mandible and, less commonly, the maxilla of cattle by Actinomyces bovis causes a chronic rarefying osteomyelitis.

Answer 69

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)

Question 70

Pinhead-sized yellowish 'sulphur granules' are found

Answer 70

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)

Question 71

Aerobic, nonmotile saprophytic actinomycetes -causes opportunistic infection, associated with immunosuppression or may follow after a heavy challenge.

Answer 71

Genus Nocardia

Question 72

Genus Dermatophilus Species

Answer 72

D. congolensis D. dermatonomus D. pedis

Question 73

streptotrichosis in cattle

Answer 73

D. congolensis

Question 74

mycotic dermatitis in sheep

Answer 74

D. dermatonomus

Question 75

strawberry foot rot in sheep

Answer 75

D. pedis

Question 76

characterized by formation of crush and tendency to spread over large areas

Answer 76

Rain scald

Question 77

Form of disease in sheep

Answer 77

dermatitis of wool-covered areas, face (lumpy wool) dermatitis of hairy parts of the face and strotum dermatitis of lower leg (foot rot)