Bacteriology Flashcards
(89 cards)
0
Q
Artificial substance in which an organism finds nourishment and can reproduce
A
Culture media
1
Q
Schaeffer-Fulton Endospore Primary Stain
A
Malachite green
2
Q
Pigment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A
Green
3
Q
Odor of Nocardia
A
Freshly plowed field
4
Q
Passage of light or electrons of various wavelengths through lenses to magnify objects and provide resolution and contrast so that those objects can be viewed and studied
A
Microscopy
5
Q
Resolution of light microscopes
A
200 nm
6
Q
Magnification of light microscopes
A
1x to 2000x
7
Q
Type of light microscope for 3-dimensional images
A
Nomarski
8
Q
Type of light microscope for staining
A
Bright field
9
Q
Colored portion of the dye
A
Chromophore
10
Q
It requires small amounts of oxygen, but higher concentrations are inhibitory
A
Microaerophile
11
Q
Can grow in relatively high salt solutions, up to approximately 10% NaCl
A
Osmotolerant
12
Q
Best method for measuring the growth of filamentous microorganisms
A
Total weight
13
Q
How is viable cell count reported?
A
Colony forming units
14
Q
Combination of simple streaking in one plate
A
Multiple streaking method
15
Q
Alternate forms of genes
A
Alleles
16
Q
Codes for all the charactersitics of the organism; represents the potential properties
A
Genotype
17
Q
Alters adenine to pair with cytosine
A
Nitrous acid
18
Q
Define transversion
A
A purine is replaced by pyrimidine or vice versa
19
Q
Define mutagen
A
Agent that initiates mutation
20
Q
Who introduced Operon concept?
A
Jacob and Monad
21
Q
2 types of transduction
A
Generalized and specialized transduction
22
Q
Colonization or invasion of pathogens
A
Infection
23
Q
What is focal infection?
A
Systemic infection that began as a local infection
24
Hospital acquired infections
Nosocomial
25
Stage of disease wherein you are more susceptible to 2' infections
Period of decline
26
Cannot multiply if not harbored or adopted by a host cell
Acellular particles
27
2 indirect methods used to measure bacterial growth
Measuring biomass; Measuring cell products
28
Energy source of chemoautotroph
Inorganic molecules
29
Carbon source of photoautotroph
Carbon dioxide
30
Temperature is due to what structure?
Protein
31
Optimum temperature for mesophile
25 C and 45 C
32
Under oxygen availability, it is where most spore forms
Facultative anaerobe
33
2 essential functions of genetic material
Replication, expression
34
How does the size of the gene and genome expressed?
Number of base pairs
35
Define bacteriophage
Virus that infects bacteria
36
Type of plasmid that code for the transmissible drug resistance
Resistance factor
37
TRUE or FALSE: Plasmids are essential for the survival of the bacterium
False
38
How does F- cell become F+?
When F- receives the fertility factor from another F+ cell
39
Size of plasmids
1 kb to 400 kb
40
Carry one or more orther genes in addition to those which are essential for transposition
Transposons
41
Define etiology
Study of the cause of a disease
42
Worldwide epidemic
Pandemic
43
Define probiotics
Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
44
Give 3 ways on how the normal microbiota protect the host
Occupy niches that pathogen might occupy
Produce acids
Produce bacteriocins
45
Growth of bacteria in the blood is to ________ whereas bacteria in the blood is ________
Septicemia; Bacteremia
46
It is a fresh, unfixed smear
Wet mount
47
A device used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam
Autoclave
48
Type of CM that favors the growth of most bacteria and gives differentiation between different species of bacteria
Differential media
49
Streaking method for butt/slant
Stab and simple streaking
50
In terms of consistency, SIM is
Semi-solid
51
An equipment that releases gases to remove oxygen from a closed container
Gas pak
52
Small glass tube used to detect gas formation in sugar fermentation media
Durham tube
53
Autoclave standards for decontamination of most microbiological materials are
121 degrees Celsius at 15 psi for 60 mins.
54
Most common contaminant
Bacillus subtilis
55
Type of CM that supports the growth of specific bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others with the addition of some nutritional requirement
Selective media
56
Streaking method for broth
Dip and shake
57
It is defined as the comparison between the effectiveness of certain disinfectant as compared to phenol
Phenol coefficient
58
A procedure that is used to ensure that bacteria are not inadvertently introduced from one location into another
Aseptic technique
59
Type of CM that uses additional requirement to facilitate growth of fastidious organisms
Enrichment media
60
Bacterial smears are observed under what objective?
OIO
61
Ideal size of bacterial smear
2x3 cm
62
The process where one dye is added to the smear to delineate morphology but renders all structure the same
Simple staining
63
Gram staining was developed by
Danish physician Christian Gram
64
Gram staining is an example of acid fast stain. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE - differential stain
65
In gram staining, iodine is used as a
Mordant
66
Lipopolysaccharide is found in cell wall of
Gram negative bacteria
67
Using the Hiss method, what will be the appearance of capsule?
Clear
68
The best culture media to use the support the growth of encapsulated bacteria
Milk broth
69
In the Schaeffer-Fulton staining technique, whoch stain is taken up by the spore?
Malachite
70
In the Leifson flagellar staining technique, the flagella will stain
Red
71
Possible error in the demonstration of spore doing staining:
A. Stain has dried out
B. Washing with tap water
C. Heating of preparation
D. Application of safranin instead of methylene blue
A
72
In the Dorner method for staining spores, what is the purpose of steaming over a container of bpiling water?
Allow the penetration of stain
73
Which of the following is NOT true about the mannitol salt agar?
A. The presence of mannitol makes it highly selective media
B. Phenol red acts as an indicator for a color change
C. NaCl allows the growth of only Staph species
D. The production of acid by the bacteria causes the yellow color in the medium
A
74
The change of color in the MSA indicates
Utilization of mannitol by the organism
75
Most common pathogen in throat cultures
Group A streptococci
76
S.pyogenes can be differentiated from other hemolytic Strep on the basis of
Bacitracin sensitivity
77
Staph spp that have a lemon yellow pigment in a culture medium
Staph saprophyticus
78
CAMP factor produced by Group B beta-hemolytic strep
A. Reduces the zone of lysis formed by strep
B. Hydrolyzed the B factor
C. Causes change in color
D. Enlarges the zone of lysis formed by Staphylococcal beta-hemolysin
D
79
Rheumatic feber damages the ____, and glomerulonephritis damages the ____
Heart valves; kidney
80
An extracellular enzyme produced by S.pyogenes and is calles as spreading factor
Hyaluronidase
81
MIC values is
The lowest concentration that allows growth
82
Bile esculin test is used to differentiate
Group D strep from other strep
83
Optochin test is done only on colonies of whoch hemolytic type?
Alpha
84
Growth in 6.5% salt broth and esculin hydrolysis are tests for
Enterococci
85
A small zone of alpha hemolysis surroundedby a zone of beta hemolysis
Alpha prime hemolysis
86
Microscopic morphology of Neisseria spp
Gram negative diplococci
87
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome is a complication of infection with which organism?
N.meningitidis
88
Gram -, non-motile, non-spore forming, oxidase positive, catalase negative
N.elongata
