bacteriology 6

Question 1

Gram positive cocci

Answer 1

staphlococci
streptococci

Question 2

Gram negative cocci

Answer 2

none

Question 3

gram positive rods

Answer 3

actinomyces
nocardia
dematophilus
cortnebacterium
rhodococcus
trueperella

Question 4

gram negative rods
oxidase negative

Answer 4

e. coli
salmonella
yersinia
klebsiella

Question 5

pyogenic

Answer 5

acute inflammation
predominantly neutrophils

Question 6

pyogranulomatous

Answer 6

mix of chronic and acute inflammation
see a mixture of cells
PMNs (eosinphils, basophil, neutrophil)
macrophages
lymphocytes
(eosinophils if fungal)

Question 7

granulomatous

Answer 7

chronic inflammation where classically see central necrosis surrounded by giant epithelioid cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, some granulocytes and surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule

Question 8

necrotizing

Answer 8

acute inflammation where classically see just cellular debris
potentially a few toxic, inflammatory cells and causative bacteria

Question 9

pyogenic bacteria cause suppurative inflammation primarily….

Answer 9

by acting as extracellular bacteria

Question 10

clusters

Answer 10

gram positive cocci
facultative anaerobes
can culture with or without O2

Question 11

staph aureus

Answer 11

human and horses (other speices)

Question 12

staph pseudintermedius

Answer 12

dogs

Question 13

coagulase positive

Answer 13

staph pseudintermedius
staph aureus

Question 14

Where are coagulase positive staphylococci found?

Answer 14

Normal flora-skin (mucocutaneous junctions-moist areas of the body) distal nasal passage, external nares and near rectum
may also be found in animal products and in the environment due to contamination
live long in environement

Question 15

coagulase negative staphylococci may be found?

Answer 15

on skin (Also normal flora)

Question 16

staphylococci are what kind of pathogen?

Answer 16

opportunistic

Question 17

Staphylococci virulence factors

Answer 17

staph are good pathogen and require little host compromise
factors that help
capsule or pseudocapsule
exotoxin
intracellular survival
biofilm formation
others

Question 18

capsule or pseudocapsule

Answer 18

anti-phagocytic properties
major defense mechanism

Question 19

coagulase negative staph pathogenicity

Answer 19

non-pathogenic and are easily phagocytosed and killed easily

Question 20

exotoxin

Answer 20

hemolysin/leukotoxin
cytotoxic (damage cells) and lethal
leucotoxin also kill phagocytes and evades immune system

Question 21

facultative intracellular bacteria

Answer 21

allows staph aureus to
evade killing by phagocytes
evade immune system (Antibodies)
evade antibiotics which act extracellularly

Question 22

underlying disease process is usually one of suppuration and abscess formation

Answer 22

pyogenic infection

Question 23

bacteria that cause pyogenic infection

Answer 23

pyogenic bacteria
staphylococci
streptococci
corynebacteria
trueperalla

Question 24

staph vs strep

Answer 24

staph can live intracellularly
abscesses involving staph may be more chronic

Question 25

pyoderma in dogs

Answer 25

staph pseudintermedius is most common cause of pyoderma in dog
staph aureus causes pyoderma in other species (horses, birds(bumble foot))

Question 26

mastitis

Answer 26

staph aureus in dairy cows, sheep and goats

Question 27

musculoskeletal infection

Answer 27

discospondylitis
osteomyelitis
septic arthritis

Question 28

urogenital tract infection (UTI)

Answer 28

cystitis
pyelonephritis
prostatitis

Question 29

implant infection

Answer 29

coag negative and positive
staph spp may be involved
associated with significant host compromise
production of biofilms

Question 30

treatment failure

Answer 30

treat underlying disease
treat staphylococcal infection and other organisms
must use appropriate antibiotics (may need susceptibility test)
treat for a long time
need owner compliance