Bacteriology Flashcards
(355 cards)
1
Q
Last step in bacterial CW synthesis
A
Cross-linking
2
Q
Fixes primary stain
A
Mordant
3
Q
Mordant in Gram staining
A
Gram iodine
4
Q
Decolorizer in Gram stain
A
Acetone alcohol
5
Q
Identification of Chlamydia in low-resource area
A
Giemsa
6
Q
Special stain: Legionella
A
Dierle (silver stain)
7
Q
G- cocci
A
Neisseria
Branhamella/ Moraxella
Veillonella
8
Q
Microorg: Wright stain
A
Borrelia
9
Q
Special stains: P. carinii
A
Silver stain
Gomori methenamine stain
10
Q
Microorg: Calcoflour white
A
Fungi
11
Q
Cold method of staining acid fast microorgs
A
Kinyoun
12
Q
Bacterial organelle responsible for encoding genes that regulate non essential life functions
A
Plasmid
13
Q
Bacterial organelle responsible for encoding bacterial resistance
A
Plasmid
14
Q
Pseudocapsule
A
P. aeruginosa
15
Q
MCC of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection
A
S. pneumoniae
16
Q
Dse conditions that makes host most susceptible to encapsulated microbe infections
A
Postsplenectomy
Sickle cell anemia
17
Q
Biofilm on catheter-related infections
A
S. epidermidis
18
Q
Biofilm in dental plaque/ dental caries
A
S. mutans
19
Q
Metachromatic staining
A
Corynebacterium, due to Babes Ernst granules
20
Q
Kidney-shaped diplococci
A
Neisseria
21
Q
Lancet-shaped diplococci
A
S. pneumoniae
22
Q
Bipolar staining
A
Yersinia
23
Q
Gull-wing
A
Campylobacter
24
Q
Post C. jejuni conditions
A
GBS
Reactive arthritis/Reiter syndrome
25
Inactivating EF2 (elongation factor 2)
1) A-B toxin of C. diphtheriae
| 2) Exotoxin A of P. aeruginosa
26
Exotoxin vs endotoxin: Meningococcemia
Endotoxin
27
A-B toxin causing ADP ribosylation of G protein
V. cholerae
28
Pea soup diarrhea
Salmonella typhi (???V. cholera)
29
HUS: Toxins
Shiga toxin
| Shiga-like toxin
30
HUS: Microorg
Shigella
| EHEC
31
Dse: A-B toxin that inhibits G-alpha
Whooping cough
32
Use inorganic cmpds
Autotrophs
33
Use organic compounds as energy source
Heterotrophs
34
Best grow at 0-20C
Psychrophile
35
Best grow at 20-40C
Mesophile
36
Best grow at 40-80C
Thermophile
37
Bacterial growth curve, phase: Metabolic activity
Lag
38
Bacterial growth curve, phase: Rapid cell division
Log
39
Bacterial growth curve, phase: Nutrient depletion
Stationary
40
Destroys all life forms
Sterilization
41
Destroys disease-causing orgs; not all lifeforms
Disinfection
42
Postulate: Microorganism must be isolated and grown in pure culture; must cause dse in healthy indiv; must be reisolated and identified
Koch's postulate
43
Standard for new chemical antimicrobials
Phenol
44
Autoclave conditions to kill spores
121C at 15 psi for 15-20 mins
45
Rapid freezeing or freeze-drying
Lyophilization
46
Used to preserve cultures
Lyophilization
47
Sporicidal chemical agent
Halogen
48
Most effective skin antiseptic
Iodine
| Ethylene oxide
49
Used for cold sterilization
Ethylene oxide
50
Neisseria culture medium: From sterile site
CAP
51
Neisseria culture medium: From unsterile site
Thayer Martin
52
Satellite phenomenon on culture
H. influenzae
53
Charcoal in culture medium
Bordetella
| Legionella
54
Mercury drop colonies on charcoal medium
Bordetella pertussis
55
Eaton agent
Mycoplasma
56
Egg yolk agar
C. perfringens
57
BSK medium
Borrelia
58
Staib's medium
C. neoformans (Bird seed agar)
59
Bird see agar
C. neoformans (Staib's medium)
60
Bile esculin agar
Group D enterococcus
61
Castaneda medium
Brucella
62
Skirrow's agar
C. jejuni
| H. pylori
63
TCBS
V. cholerae
64
EMJH
L. interrogans
65
AIDS, MC bacterial infection
M. avium intracellulare
66
AIDS, MC fungal infection
P. carinii
67
AIDS, MC protozoal infection
T. gondii
| Cryptosporidium
68
AIDS, MC viral infection
CMV
69
AIDS, benign viral infection
Molluscum contagiosum (poxvirus)
70
Lumpy jaw
A. israelii
71
Golden yellow colonies of S. aureus is due to
Staphyloxanthin
72
Normal flora of skin
S. epidermidis
| S. aureus
73
Normal flora of nasopharynx
S. aureus
74
Normal flora of mouth and throat
S. viridans
| Actinomyces
75
Normal flora of colon
B. fragilis > E. coli; enterococci
76
Normal flora of vagina
L. acidophilus
GBS
E. coli
77
Normal flora in gallbladder
Salmonella typhi
78
Pneumonia in alcoholics
S. pneumoniae
79
Pneumonia in neonates
GBS
E. coli
Listeria
80
Pneumonia in 1mo-3mos
RSV
81
Pneumonia in young adults
Mycoplasma
82
Lobar pneumonia
S. pneumoniae
83
Pneumonia in neutropenic patients
P. aeruginosa
84
Pneumonia in AIDS
P. jiroveci/carinii
85
Pneumonia in barracks
Mycoplasma
86
Atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma
87
Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas
88
Pneumonia in diabetics
Pseudomonas
89
Pneumonia in CGD
Pseudomonas
90
Pneumonia in poorly nourished, unvaccinated child
Measles
91
Giant cell pneumonia
Measles
92
Mech vent assoc pneumonia
Pseudomonas
93
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Pseudomonas
94
All capsular bacteria have polysaccharide capsule except
B. anthracis
95
All viruses are haploid except
Retroviridae
96
Raw eggs
Salmonella
97
Reheated meat
C. perfringens
98
Mayonnaise
S. aureus
99
Hamburger
EHEC
100
Custard
S. aureus
101
Apple juice
EHEC
102
Alfalfa sprouts and spinach
EHEC
103
Bilateral eyelid swelling/periorbital edema
Trichinella spiralis
104
Sty
S. aureus
105
Sticky eye
Propionibacterium
106
MCC of blindness worldwide
Chlamydia
107
Chorioretinitis
CMV
| Toxoplasma
108
Congenital retinopathy
Treponema
109
Pebbly conjunctivitis
Chlamydia
110
Corneal scarring
Chlamydia
111
Congenital cataract
Rubella
112
Meningitis in neonates
GBS
E. coli
Listeria
113
Meningitis in 2-6 mos, unimmunized
H. influenzae
114
Meningitis in adults
S. pneumoniae
115
Meningitis outbreaks in crowded conditions
N. meningitidis
116
Meningitis in adolescents and young adults
N. meningitidis
117
Meningitis in barracks and college dorms
N. meningitidis
118
Meningitis in AIDS
Cryptococcus
119
Toxin responsible for pneumatocele formation by S. aureus
Panton valentin leukocidin
120
Toxin: SSSS
Exfoliatin
121
Most severe form of SSSS
Ritter disease
122
Acute mastitis
S. aureus
123
Infective endocarditis in IV drug users
S. aureus
124
MC valve involved in infective endocarditis in IV drug users
Tricuspid
125
MCC of osteomyelitis in the general population
S. aureus
126
Meningitis in 2-6 mos, immunized
S. pneumoniae
127
Peritonitis in renal failure patients
S. epidermidis
128
MCC of subacute endocarditis
S. viridans
129
MCC of acute endocarditis
S. aureus
130
MCC of endocarditis in patients with prosthetic heart valves
S. epidermidis
131
MCC of osteomyelitis in sexually active individuals
N. gonorrheae
132
MCC of osteomyelitis in IV drug abusers
P. aeruginosa
133
S. aureus virulence factor: Food poisoning
Enterotoxin A
134
S. aureus virulence factor: Infective endocarditis
Fibrin-platelet mesh
135
S. aureus virulence factor: Impetigo
Coagulase
| Staphylokinase
136
Impetigo
S. aureus
| GABHS
137
Septic arthritis in prosthetic joints
S. epidermidis
138
Strep antigen: Rheumatic fever
M protein
139
Strep strain responsible for PSGN
M12
140
S. pyogenes toxin: Hemolysis
Streptolysin S
141
MCC of impetigo
S. aureus
142
MCC of bullous impetigo (80%)
S. aureus
143
MCC of nonbullous impetigo
S. aureus
144
Specific S. aureus that almost exclusively causes bullous impetigo
Phage type 71
145
Boiled lobster appearance
Scarlet fever
146
Scarlet fever
S. pyogenes
147
MCC of necrotising fasciitis
Group A strep
148
(+) Quellung reaction
s. pneumoniae
149
MCC of paediatric otitis media
S. pneumoniae
150
Enterococcus requirement
6.5% NaCl at 45C
151
Infective endocarditis in elderly with previously damaged valves secondary to GU or GI surgery
Enterocci
152
Club-shaped
C. dphtheriae
153
Safety pin appearance
Y. pestis
154
DOC for tularemia
Streptomycin
155
Genital infection: Buboes
```
Lymphogranuloma venereum (C. trachomatis L1-3)
Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
```
156
Chinese character appearance microscopically
C. diphtheriae
157
Swarming motility
Proteus
158
Medusa head colonies
B. anthracis
159
Exhibits lysogeny due to B prophage
C. diphtheriae
160
Babes Ernst granules
C. diptheriae
161
Intracutaneous test to determine susceptibility of C. diphtheriae
Schick test
162
Immunodiffusion technique to determine toxigenicity of C. diphtheriae
Elek test
163
Drumstick/tennis racket
C. tetani
164
M. tb: Caseous necrosis
Sulfatides
165
M. tb: Virulence
Cord factor
166
M. tb: Most hepatotoxic drug
Pyrazinamide
167
Spores very resistant to heat and usual antiseptics
C. tetani
168
T/F Tetanolysin of C. tetani has no recognised pathogenic activity
T
169
Generalized tetanus
Opisthotonus
170
Earliest manifestation of neonatal tetanus
Poor suck
171
Earliest manifestation of adult tetanus
Trismus
172
MOA of tetanospasmin in CNS
Inhibits release of inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and GABA
173
Amt PPD injected intradermally in Mantoux test
0.1 mL
174
When to read Mantoux test result
After 48-72 hours
175
Obligate intracellular bacteria with the longest doubling time
M. leprae
176
Antimycobacterial that can be used for both M. leprae and M. tb
Rifampin
177
Tuberculoid vs lepromatous: Lepromin test (+)
Tuberculoid
178
Tuberculoid vs lepromatous: High number of organisms in tissue
Tuberculoid
179
Tuberculoid vs lepromatous: Cell-mediated immunity causes cell damage
Tuberculoid
180
Tuberculoid vs lepromatous: Large number of intracellular organisms cause cell damage
Lepromatous
181
Tuberculoid vs lepromatous: Nerve enlargement and paresthesias
Tuberculoid
182
Tuberculoid vs lepromatous: Madarosis
Lepromatous
183
Tuberculoid vs lepromatous: Loss of nasal septum
Lepromatous
184
Aquarium or fish pond worker
M. marinum
185
MOTT: Cervical lymphadenitis in children
M. scrofulaceum
186
MOTT: Fast-grower
M. fortuitum
187
Listeria motility in cells
Actin motility
188
Zipper mechanism
Listeria, mode of entry, direct cell to cell spread via actin-based movement
189
B. anthracis toxin that mediates entry
Anthrax toxin
190
3 diseases caused by anthrax
1) Woolsorter disease
2) Cutaneous anthrax
3) GI anthrax
191
Food held warm
B. cereus
192
Types of B. cereus food poisoning
1) Emetic
| 2) Diarrheal
193
DOC for C. tetani
Metronidazole
194
Inhibits Ach release at NMJ
Botulinum toxin, C. botulinum
195
Malignant pustule
Cutaneous anthrax
196
Painless ulcers
1) Chancre
| 2) Cutaneous anthrax
197
Shock and mediastinal hemorrhagic lymphadenitis
Pulmonary anthrax
198
Sauces
B. cereus
199
Chinatown >> vomiting
B. cereus
200
Canned food
C. botulinum
201
Stormy fermentation in lactose milk media
C. perfringens
202
Honey
C. botulinum
203
Smoked food
C. botulinum
204
Gas gangrene
C. perfringes
205
Long-term parenteral antibiotics
C. difficile
206
MCC of antibiotic assoc diarrhea
C. difficile
207
House dust
C. botulinum
208
Death march of Bataan
C. perfringens (gas gangrene)
209
Double zone of hemolysis
C. perfringens
210
Pig feces
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
211
Rat bite fever
Streptobacillus moniliformis
212
Hyperbaric oxygen
C. perfringens
213
Haverhill fever
Streptobacillus moniliformis
214
Alpha lecithinase
C. perfringens
215
Fever, inward rash, tick bite
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
216
Hard purplish swelling on hand with no pus
Erysipeloid
217
Weil Felix Test
Rickettsia
218
Lonestar tick
Erlichia chaffensis (erlichiosis)
219
3 phyla of Rickettsia
Rickettsia
Erlichia
Coxiella
220
T/F All rickettsia are transmitted by arthropods
F, Coxiella (Q fever) is transmitted via fomites and not arthropods
221
Fatal rickettsial infection
Epidemic typhus
222
Eschar is a punched out ulcer covered with a blackened scab that indicates location of mite bite
Scrub typhus (R. tsutsugamushi)
223
Treatment for rickettsia
Doxycycline
224
Rickettsia with endospores
Coxiella
225
Only rickettsial disease without rash
Coxiella
226
Mulberry-like structure in affected cells (morula)
Ehrlichia
227
Chlamydia lacks ___ in cell wall
Muramic acid
228
Chlamydia serovar: Trachoma
A-C
229
Chlamydia serovar: PID
D-K
230
Smallest free-living bacteria with no cell wall
M. pneumoniae
231
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Granuloma inguinale
232
DOC for nocardia
TMP-SMX
233
Madura foot
Actinomycetoma
234
Only bacteria with cholesterol in cell membrane
Mycoplasma
235
Toll like receptor 2 protein
Mycoplasma
236
Predominant sexually transmitted organism associated with PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
237
Intraabdominal spread of PID; Violin string
Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome
238
Fried egg appearance of colonies
Mycoplasma
239
Pneumonia with cold agglutinins
Mycoplasma
240
Responsible for anemia in mycoplasma infection
Cold agglutinins
241
Parrots/birds
Psitaccosis (C. psitacci)
242
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella pneumonia
243
Beaded filamentous bacteria
Nocardia
244
Rib destruction; filamentous bacteria
Actinomyces
245
Friedlander's bacillus
Klebsiella
246
Vi capsular antigen
S. typhi
247
Necrotizing fasciitis from saltwater
V. vulnificus
248
Possesses a capsule that is lost with passage in the lab, accompanied by loss of virulence
Yersinia pestis
249
Best specimen to culture for typhoid fever
Bone marrow
250
Detection of typhoid fever
Week 1: Blood
Week 2: Urine
Week 3: Stool
251
When are rose spots seen in typhoid fever
Week 1
252
DOC for S. typhi in adults
Ceftriaxone
253
DOC for S. typhi in children
Chloramphenicol
254
Salmonella enteritidis
S. enterocolitis
255
Osteomyelitis and sepsis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella cholerasuis
256
Hyperplasia of Peyer's patches
Typhoid ileitis
257
Puppy feces
Yersinia enterocolitica
258
Peritrichous flagella
Proteus
E. coli
S. typhi
259
1 flagella
Monotrichous
260
Multiple flagella in the same area
Lophotrichous (e.g. Spirilla)
261
2 flagella, 1 each on opposite ends
Amphitrichous (e.g. Alcaligenes)
262
Multiple flagella pointing in many directions/located at many spots on the cell
Peritrichous
263
Monotrichous, example
Vibrio
264
Proteus vulgaris vs mirabilis
Indole (+) - vulgaris
265
Darting motility
Campylobacter
| Vibrio
266
Bacillary dysentery
Shigella sonnei
267
Most severe bacillary dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae type A
268
MCC of epidemic dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae type A
269
Mainstay of treatment for cholera
Fluids and electrolytes
270
Drugs to reduce carrier stage of V. cholera
Doxycycline
| Cirpofloxacin
271
Minimum inoculum for cholera
10^7
272
The dominant vibrio strain in the seventh global pandemic.
O1 El tor
273
Vibrio O1 El Tor is distinguished from classic biotypes by the production of
Hemolysin
274
2 subunits of choleragen
A: Activates Adenylate cyclase
B: Binding
275
MCC of death of cholera
Dehydration
276
DOC for cholera
Doxycycline (longer t/2)
| Tetracycline
277
MCC of acute bacterial gastroenteritis
C. jejuni
278
Primarily an opportunistic pathogen that causes infection in hospitalized patients
Pseudomonas
279
Loss of skin elasticity (washer woman hands sign)
Cholera
280
Neutrophil count that predisposes to pseudomonas infection
Less than 500/uL
281
Bacteria from contaminated soil
Burkholderia
282
Previously known as Campylobacter
H. pylori
283
Melioidosis
Burkholderia pseudomallei
284
Bacteria classified as Type I carcinogen by WHO
H. pylori
285
Cancers caused by H. pylori
Gastric
| MALT lymphoma
286
Glander disease
Burkholderia mallei
287
MCC of G- nosocomial pneumonia
Pseudomonas
288
Characteristic smell of pseudomonas infection
Grape-like or fruity odor
289
Pseudomonas toxin resp for sepsis and shock
Endotoxin
290
Pseudomonas toxin resp for tissue necrosis
Exotoxin A
291
Shooting star motility
Vibrio
292
pH at which Vibrio grows best
Alkaline
293
Bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella henselae and quintana
294
De Musset's sign
Aortic regurgitation seen in syphilis
295
Syphilitic aortitis affects what specific vascular structure
Vasa vasorum
296
Ecthyma gangrenosum
Pseudomonas
297
Signs of congenital syphilis
```
Frontal bossing
Snuffles/rhinitis
Mulberry molars
Hutchinson teeth
Higoumenaki sign (unilateral enlargement of clavicle)
```
298
Portion of spinal cord affected in tertiary syphilis
Posterior columns (tabes dorsalis); loss of position and vibration sense
299
Bejel
T. pallidum endemicum
300
Swimmer's ear
Pseudomonas
301
Sinus of valsalva aneurysm
Syphilis
302
Yaws
T. pallidum pertenue
303
Malignant diffuse otitis externa
Pseudomonas
304
DOC for Pseudomonas
Ceftazidime
305
Condyloma lata
Secondary syphilis
306
Pinta
T. pallidum carateum
307
Non-sexually transmitted forms of treponema infections
Pinta
Yaws
Bejel
308
Cystic medionecrosis of aorta
Marfan syndrome
309
White footed mouse and deer
Borrelia burgdorferi
310
Lesion of borrelia
Target lesion
311
Severe form of leptospirosis
Weil disease
312
Endarteritis obliterans
Syphilis
313
MC STD
Chlamydia
314
Rabbits
Francisella
315
Chlamydia strain that causes acute respiratory syndrome/pneumonia
TWAR strain
316
Erythema chronic migrans
Borrelia
317
Visceral larva migrans
Toxocara canis
318
Cutaneous larva migrans
Ancylostoma brasiliense
319
Red orange jaundice
Weil disease
320
Gold standard for diagnosis of leptospirosis
Culture
321
DOC for Weil disease
Pen G
322
DOC for short-term exposure and prophylaxis for leptospirosis
Doxycycline
323
Incubation period of leptospirosis
2-20 days
324
Most common zoonosis
Leptospira
325
MCC of death in leptospirosis
ARF
326
Pontiac fever
Legionella
327
Malta fever
Brucella
328
Brucella: Commonest cause of symptomatic disease in humans
melitensis
329
Key target cell of Brucella
Macrophage
330
DOC for brucellosis
IM Streptomycin
331
Mousy door of colony
Pasteurella multocida
332
Trench fever
Bartonella quintana
333
Bartonella quintana, vector
Body louse
334
Oroya fever
Bartonella bacilliformis
335
Warthin-Starry silver impregnation stain
B. henselae
336
Whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis
337
Stages of whooping cough
1) Catarrhal 1-2 weeks
2) Paroxysmal 2-4 weeks
3) Convalescence > 4 weeks
338
Most contagious stage of whooping cough
Catarrhal
339
T/F Nocardia infection is predominantly encountered in immunocompromised individuals
T
340
Fishy odor
Gardnerella vaginalis
341
Chancroid
H. ducreyi
342
Cherry red diaper syndrome
Serratia
343
Chronic lobar pneumonia
Nocardia
344
Associated with Mobiluncus infection (anaerobe)
Gardnerella vaginalis
345
School of fish distribution
H. ducreyi
346
E. coi antigen responsible for causing meningitis
K1
347
Inhibitor of other bacteria in Lowenstein Jensen
Malachite green
348
How long does it take for a positive LJ culture
As early as 3-6 weeks
349
PFEIFFER'S BACILLUS
H. influenzae
350
MCC of tracheitis
S. aureus
351
Montezuma's revenge
ETEC (Traveler's diarrhea)
352
MC organism in acute appendicitis
E. coli
353
Fecal index of contamination
E. coli
354
DOC for diphtheria
Penicillin
355
DOC for T. gondii
Pyrimethamine
