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TOP THE BOARDS!!!!!! > Nephro > Flashcards

Nephro Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of death in SLE

A

Lupus nephritis

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2
Q

SLE peak incidence

A

15-45

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3
Q

Male vs female: SLE

A

Female

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4
Q

Male vs female: Lupus nephritis

A

Equal

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5
Q

Children vs adults: Lupus nephritis is worse

A

Children

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6
Q

Male vs female : Lupus nephritis is worse

A

Male

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7
Q

Hallmark of lupus nephritis

A

Deposition of circulating immune complexes and in situ formation of others

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8
Q

Subendothelial vs subepthelial: Circulating immune complexes

A

Subendothelial (and mesangial)

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9
Q

Subendothelial vs subepthelial: Complexes formed in situ

A

Subepithelial

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10
Q

Subendothelial deposits in SLE nephritis form

A

Wireloops

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11
Q

Mgt of SLE: Induction/emergency

A

Methylprednisolone

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12
Q

Mgt of SLE: Maintenance

A

Prednisone

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13
Q

Most common drugs used in the mgt of SLE (4)

A

1) Steroids
2) Cyclophosphamide
3) Mycophenolate mofetil
4) Azathioprine

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14
Q

Drug for SLE that causes hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Cyclophosphamide

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15
Q

Pathognomonic lesion of DM nephropathy

A

Kimmelsteil-Wilson Lesion

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16
Q

% of Type 2 DM that already have nephropathy when diagnosed

A

20%

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17
Q

30-40% of Type 2 DM develop diabetic nephropathy within __years of diagnosis

A

10

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18
Q

When microalbuminuria is observed in 40% Type 1 DM patients

A

Next 5-10 years of disease

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19
Q

Normal urine protein

A

150 mg/day

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20
Q

Microalbuminuria

A

150-300 mg/day

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21
Q

Macroalbuminuria

A

> 300 mg/day

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22
Q

BP ctrl recommended for DM

A

Less than 130/80 mmHg

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23
Q

First line of therapy for all patients with diabetes and htn

A

ACEI

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24
Q

Alternative to ACEI in treatment of Htn in pxs with DM and Htn who also have asthma exacerbations

A

ARB

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25
Most important and commone type of tubulointerstitial inflammation
Acute pyelonephritis
26
Most common organism obtained in urine culture of patients with pyelonephritis
E. coli
27
2 routes in the devt of pyelonephritis
1) Ascending | 2) Hematogenous
28
Most common route in the devt of pyelonephritis
Ascending
29
Important morphologic hallmark of acute pyelonephritis (3)
1) Patchy interstitial suppurative inflamm 2) Intralobular aggregates of neutrophils 3) Tubular necrosis
30
Pyelonephritis: Caseous necrosis
Tuberculous
31
Pyelonephritis: Proteus mirabilis
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
32
Drug that can cause tubulointerstitial nephritis via interstitial immunologic reaction
Methicillin
33
Form of adult polycystic kidney disease associated with polycystic liver disese
Juvenile
34
Syndrome: 1) Hemangioblastoma or hemangioma of cerebellum, brain stem or retina
Von Hippel-Lindau
35
Internist's tumor
Renal cell CA
36
90-95% of renal neoplasms arise from
Kidney
37
Response of renal cell CA to radio and chemotherapy
Resistant
38
4 hereditary syndromes associated with renal cell CA
1) VHL 2) HPRC 3) FRO 4) HRC
39
All (>50%) glomeruli involved
Diffuse
40
Proportion (less than 50%) of glomeruli affected
Focal
41
Entire glomerulus involved
Global
42
Portion of glomerulus involved
Segmental
43
Reduction of GFR to __% heralds progression to end stage renal failure
30-50%
44
2 major histologic conditions in progressive glomerular disease
1) FSGS | 2) Tubulointerstitial damage
45
APGN: Prototypical exogenous pattern
PSGN
46
APGN: Prototypical endogenous pattern
SLE
47
Organism that causes rheumatic fever and PSGN
GABHS
48
PSGN is most frequent in this age group
6-10 y/o
49
Etiopathogenesis of PSGN
Deposition of ICs
50
PSGN develops ____ days/weeks after strepthroat infection
5-21 days or ~10 days
51
PSGN develops ____ days/weeks after impetigo
4-6 weeks
52
Protein responsible for tropism to heart
M protein
53
Histologic morphology of PSGN
Humps (electron dense deposits)
54
__% of children with PSGN recover spontaneously
95
55
RPGN types
I, II, III
56
Type I RPGN causes
Goodpasture syndrome
57
Type II RPGN causes
1) SLE 2) HSP 3) IgA nephropathy
58
Type III RPGN causes
1) Wegener's granulomatosis | 2) Microscopic polyarteritis
59
Earliest symptom of nephrotic syndrome in adults
Bipedal edema
60
Earliest symptom of nephrotic syndrome in children
Periorbital edema
61
Massive/ nephrotic range proteinuria
>3.5 g/day
62
Plasma albumin levels in nephrotic syndrome
Less than 3g/dL
63
Normal albumin excretion
Less than 30 mg/day
64
Primary vs secondary: Most cases of nephrotic syndrome in adults and children
Primary
65
Most common primary glomerular disease causing nephrotic syndrome in adults
Membranous glomerulonephritis
66
Most common primary glomerular disease causing nephrotic syndrome in children
MCD
67
Most common primary glomerular disease causing nephrotic syndrome in all ages
FSGS
68
Most common systemic diseases causing nephrotic syndrome (3)
1) DM 2) SLE 3) Amyloidosis
69
Drugs that may cause membranous GN (2)
1) Penicillamine | 2) Captopril
70
Salts that may cause membranous GN (2)
1) Gold | 2) Mercury
71
Proteinuria in membranous GB is probably caused by
MAC (C5b-C9)
72
Peak incidence of MCD
2-6 y/o
73
Incidence of MCD is increased in patients with
Hodgkin's disease
74
Response of MCD to steroids
Dramatic
75
Most common CA in children
Leukemia
76
Most common leukemia in children
ALL
77
Drugs that cause ischemic nephrotoxic nephropathy (3)
1) Aminoglycosides 2) Amphotericin B 3) Contrast agents
78
Most common vasculitis in children
HSP
79
2nd most common vasculitis in children
Kawasaki
80
Common involvements in HSP
1) Purpuric skin lesions on extensor surfaces 2) Abdominal 3) Renal 4) Arthritis
81
Hallmark of HSP
Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
82
Hallmark of FSGS
Epithelial damage
83
__% of patients with FSGS progress to chronic GN
50-80%
84
FSGS: Deposits seen on IF (2)
1) Ig | 2) C3
85
Histologic morphology of MPGN
Double contour or tram-track appearance caused by duplication of GBM with mesangial and monocyte interposition
86
Most common type of GN worldwide
IgA nephropathy
87
Common symptom of IgA nephropathy
Hematuria after a respiratory infection
88
IgA nephropathy is also known as
Berger's disease
89
Hereditary form of GB associated with nerve deafness
Alport's syndrome
90
Defect in Alport's syndrome
a5 chain of collagen type IV
91
Where Type I collagen is typically found
Bone
92
Where Type II collagen is typically found
Cartilage
93
Where Type III collagen is typically found
Reticular fibers of blood vessels
94
Where Type IV collagen is typically found
Basement membrane
95
Disease where Type V collagen is typically defective
Ehler's Danlos
96
Drug associated with feral renal agenesis
ACEI

TOP THE BOARDS!!!!!! (23 decks)

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