Bacteriology Exam 2

Question 1

Sepsis:

Answer 1

refers to microbial contamination

Question 2

Asepsis:

Answer 2

the absence of significant contamination

Question 3

aseptic surgery techniques:

Answer 3

prevent microbial contamination of wounds

Question 4

sterilization:

Answer 4

removal of all microbial life

Question 5

commercial sterilization:

Answer 5

Killing C. botulinum endospores

Question 6

disinfection:

Answer 6

removal of pathogens from inanimate objects

Question 7

antisepsis:

Answer 7

removal of pathogens form living tissue

Question 8

degerming:

Answer 8

removal of microbes from a limited area

Question 9

sanitation:

Answer 9

lower microbial counts on eating utensils

Question 10

Metabolism:

Answer 10

the sum of chemical reactions in an organism

Question 11

catabolism:

Answer 11

exergonic, degradative, provide energy and building blocks (releases energy)

Question 12

anabolism:

Answer 12

endergonic, biosynthetic, create substances (uses energy)

Question 13

competitive inhibitors:

Answer 13

have similar size and shape to substrate (compete for active site)

Question 14

Noncompetitive inhibitors:

Answer 14

interact with allosteric site = change in enzyme shape ( allosteric inhibition =active site changes)

Question 15

Ribozymes:

Answer 15

RNA that cuts and splices RNA

Question 16

3 mechanisms of phosphorylation

Answer 16

1. Substrate- level phosphorylation
2. oxidative Phosphorylation
3. photo-phosphorylation

Question 17

alternatives to glycolysis

Answer 17

1. pentose phosphate pathway

2. Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Question 18

chemotrophs:

Answer 18

energy source is chemicals, use organic or inorganic compounds

Question 19

phototrops

Answer 19

use sunlight

Question 20

autotrophs

Answer 20

use CO2 to make own food

Question 21

Heterotrophs

Answer 21

use organic compounds

Question 22

saprophytes

Answer 22

live on dead organic matter

Question 23

parasites

Answer 23

derive nutrients from living host

Question 24

physical requirements for growth:

Answer 24

temperature, pH, osmotic pressure

Question 25

chemical requirements for growth:

Answer 25

carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorous, trace elements, oxygen, organic growth factor

Question 26

hyperthermophiles

Answer 26

optimum growth temperature greater than 80 celcius

Question 27

Methanococcoides burtonii

Answer 27

lives and grows at -2.5 C, has flexible walls, produces "antifreeze" survives at -20 C

Question 28

acidophiles:

Answer 28

grow in acidic enironments

Question 29

alkaliphiles:

Answer 29

grow in basic environments

Question 30

high osmotic pressure causes _________

Answer 30

plasmolysis

Question 31

low osmotic pressure causes __________

Answer 31

osmotic lysis