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Microbiology > Bacteriology Exam 7 (Neisseria, Haemophilus, Other) > Flashcards

Bacteriology Exam 7 (Neisseria, Haemophilus, Other) Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What is the main pathogen of Haemophilus species?

A

H. influenzae

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2
Q

Haemophilus growth conditions

A

Facultative anaerobes at 35-37C with 5-7% CO2

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3
Q

Normal flora vs non-normal flora Haemophilus

A

Normal flora: H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae
Never normal: H. ducreyi (STD)

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4
Q

Where are common infection sites for Haemophilus?

A

Ear, sinus, bronchitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis

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5
Q

What is the Haemophilus sp. that causes STD and is never normal flora?

A

H. ducreyi

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6
Q

What is Factor V and what is Factor X?

A

Factor V is NAD
Factor X is Hemin

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7
Q

Haemophilus: Non-motile or motile?

A

Non-motile

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8
Q

Haemophilus gram stain

A

Pleomorphic GNR (coccobacillus or short GNR)

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9
Q

Haemophilus: oxidase and catalase

A

oxidase pos
catalase pos

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10
Q

T/F: Haemophilus will grow on SBA.

A

False; only on CHOC. This is why extra colonies seen on CHOC and no other plates should be suspicious for Haemophilus.

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11
Q

What 2 Haemophilus are beta hemolytic?

A

H. haemolyticus and H. parahaemolyticus

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12
Q

Haemophilus will not grow on Sheep blood agar, but which blood agars can they grow on and why?

A

Horse and Rabbit blood agars because X and V factors are readily available

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13
Q

Why will satellitism allow Haemophilus to grow on SBA?

A

S. aureus/S. pneumoniae/Neisseria have V factor as a product of their metabolism, so streaking this will allow Haemophilus to use Factor V to grow, and SBA already has X factor

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14
Q

How does the porphyrin test help us to identify Haemophilus species?

A

H. parainfluenzae is positive (red/orange color) - contains porphobilinogen and can synthesize heme which is why it only requires factor V to grow

H. influenzae is negative - needs both X and V given to it to grow

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15
Q

Which Haemophilus species are porphyrin test positive? What does this mean?

A

H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus - they can synthesize heme meaning they only need factor V to grow

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16
Q

What Haemophilus species only need factor V to grow?

A

H. parainfluenzae
H. parahaemolyticus

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17
Q

What Haemophilus species only need factor X to grow?

A

H. ducreyi

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18
Q

What Haemophilus species need both factor X and factor V to grow?

A

H. influenzae
H. haemolyticus
H. aegyptius

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19
Q

Rapid NH test MacFarland

A

3.0 MacFarland (heavier because fastidious)

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20
Q

What does Haemophilus influenzae smell like on agar?

A

Mousy or bleachlike

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21
Q

T/F: Haemophilus influenzae is considered normal flora.

A

True

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22
Q

What can Haemophilus influenzae cause?

A

Ear infections, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, bacteremia

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22
Q

What can Haemophilus influenzae nonencapsulated/non-typeable strains cause?

A

Localized infections - Ear infections, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, bacteremia or bronchitis/pneumonia in older patients

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23
Q

What can Haemophilus influenzae encapsulated/typeable strains cause?

A

More serious/more invasive infections - meningitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, cellulitis, epiglottitis

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24
T/F: Haemophilus parainfluenzae is normal flora.
True; most haemophilus sp. normal flora is this species
25
What can Haemophilus parainfluenzae cause?
Rare endocarditis following dental procedures
26
What is the causative agent of "pink eye"?
H. aegyptius
27
What can H. aegyptius cause?
Pink eye, Brazilian Purpuric Fever
28
What does H. ducreyi cause?
Chancroid STD - Genital Ulcer Disease
29
What does H. ducreyi look like under a microscope?
School of fish or railroad tracks gram stain
30
What species uses the Quad Plate and what is it?
Haemophilus - four quadrants (I has X only, II has V only, III has X and V, and IV with horse blood to look at hemolysis)
31
Neisseria gram stain/wet mount
kidney bean shaped, gram neg diplococci, non-motile (may also be seen inside of WBCs)
32
What are the two major pathogens of interest in Neisseria sp.?
N. gonorrhea and N. meningitidis
33
T/F: N. gonorrhoeae is the second most commonly reported STD in the US
True
34
Where can Neisseria sp. be found?
Mucous membranes of respiratory and urogenital tracts
35
T/F: N. meningitidis can be considered normal flora.
True
36
What does N. meningitidis cause?
Fatal bacterial meningitis in children or IMD
37
What collection procedures are unacceptable for Neisseria and why?
Cotton tipped/wooden swabs and calcium alginate swabs because they can be inhibitory
38
What agars are ideal for Neisseria recovery?
MTM and Martin Lewis Agar, CHOC
39
What conditions do N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis grow best in?
capnophilic conditions (3-7% CO2) with high humidity 35-37C
40
Neisseria oxidase/catalase
Pos
41
N. gonorrhoae sites of infection
Columnar/transitional epithelial cells of humans - can cause disseminated infections such as arthritis in the knees
42
N. gonorrhoeae is more like to show symptoms in males or females?
Males
43
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection
Purulent arthritis and rare septicemia, can be found in synovial fluid causing arthritis
44
What is in MTM that allows for Neisseria to be selected for?
Vancomycin - inhibits GP Colistin - inhibits GNR Nystatin - Antifungal Trimethoprim - stops Proteus
45
What diseases can N. meningitidis cause?
Disease only occurs when normal flora spreads to sterile body site - can cause meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, Waterhouse Frederichsen Syndrome
46
Neisseria A strain is associated with what? Neisseria B strain?
A - pandemics B - community acquired disease in the US
47
Signs/Symptoms of meningitis
Fever, frontal headache, stiff neck, photophobia
48
What is Waterhouse Frederichsen Syndrome? What causes it?
Hemorrhage into adrenal glands caused by N. meningitidis
49
Neisseria weaveri
Normal oral flora in dogs, can be infected through a dog bite
50
What sugars can N. gonorrhoeae metabolize for the rapid NH test?
Only glucose
51
What sugars can N. meningitidis metabolize for the rapid NH test?
Glucose and maltose
52
What sugars can N. lactamica metabolize for the rapid NH test?
Glucose, maltose, and lactose
53
What sugars can N. sicca metabolize for the rapid NH test?
Glucose, maltose, and sucrose
54
How can M. catarrhalis be differentiated from Neisseria?
M. catarrhalis does not metabolize any sugars and it is also DNase positive.
55
Special features of Achromobacter
Aerobic, non-fermenting, gram-negative, nonsporulating, mostly motile GNR with peritrichous flagella
56
Achromobacter is an ________ opportunistic pathogen.
Environmental
57
What will Achromobacter/Rhizobacter grow on?
BAP/CHOC/MAC/THIO/BHI
58
What Achromobacter has been recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis?
xylosoxidans
59
Achromobacter Approach to ID: catalase, oxidase, indole, morphology, motility
Catalase pos Oxidase pos Indole neg Flat, spreading, non-pigmented with feathery edge Fruity odor Motile
60
Achromobacter xylosoxidans special features
Common cause of ear infections Reduces nitrate to nitrite Oxidizes xylose and glucose Grows on cetrimide agar Grows at 42C Resistant to aminoglycosides
61
Rhizobacterium epidemiology
Environmental opportunistic pathogen; exposure to contaminated medical devices mostly seen in cystic fibrosis patients
62
Notable features of the genus Alcaligenes
Oxidase positive, Catalase positive, non-glucose utilizers, NLF, GNR, motile with peritrichous flagella
63
Alcaligenes epidemiology
Environmental opportunistic pathogen recovered from CF patients from contaminated medical devices
64
Alcaligenes faecalis notable features
Produces a sweet odor reminiscent of juicy fruit or apple cider, slightly alpha hemolytic
65
T/F: Eikenella can grow on MAC
FALSE
66
T/F: Eikenella is a member of HACEK
TRUE
67
What is HACEK?
Group of bacteria known to cause subacute bacterial endocarditis in immunocompromised patients
68
Eikenella corrodens epidemiology
Normal microbiota of the human oral cavity associated with periodontitis and complications with dental procedures; recovered from human bites known as "clenched-fist wounds"
69
What group of patients are more at risk for Eikenella infections?
Diabetic patients because of the daily microtrauma to their skin
70
The most recognizable feature of E. corrodens towards Identification:
Bleachlike odor with colonies that pit the agar and demonstrates slight yellow hue after several days Does not utilize any carbohydrates Ox positive Catalase neg Reduces nitrate to nitrite Hydrolyzes ornithine and lysine
71
T/F: Moraxella grows well on MAC
FALSE
72
Moraxella gram stain
Coccobacilli or short GNR that may appear gram-variable
73
Moraxella catarrhalis epidemiology
Normal microbiota of the upper resp tract; occasionally colonizes female genital tract
74
What diseases can Moraxella catarrhalis cause in children?
Sinusitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, URI, pneumonia
75
ID of M. catarrhalis
Ox pos Cat pos GNCB B-lactamase pos Negative for all carb fermentation Hockey puck consistency on agar
76
What is the purpose of butyrate esterase testing? What organism is this useful for? What does a positive reaction look like?
Used for the ID of M. catarrhalis; Positive reaction is blue if they possess the enzyme butyrate esterase
77
How to differentiate M. catarrhalis from Neisseria sp.
M. cat is DNase positive Neisseria is DNase negative M. cat also does not utilize ANY sugars

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