Bacteriology (part2)

Question 1

Known to hemolyze RBC (Red Blood cell)

Answer 1

Streptococci

Question 2

complete disruption of erythrocytes with clearing of the blood around the bacterial growth

Answer 2

Alpha hemolysis

Question 3

incomplete lysis of the erythrocytes with reduction of hemoglobin and formation of green pigment

Answer 3

Beta hemolysis

Question 4

non-hemolytic

Answer 4

Gamma hemolysis

Question 5

Disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 5

-Cellulitis
-Streptococcal pyoderma
-Necrotizing fasciitis (Streptococcal gangrene)
-Tonsilitis
-Pharyngitis
-Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
-Scarlet fever
-Rheumatic fever

Question 6

An acute rapidly spreading infection of the skin and SC tissues. Due to mild trauma, burns, wounds or surgical incisions

Answer 6

Cellulitis

Question 7

Enters through abrasions and wounds infecting the tissue

Answer 7

Streptococcal pyoderma

Question 8

Streptococcus pyogenes Usually susceptible to

Answer 8

Bacitracin

Question 9

β hemolytic streptococci

Answer 9

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 10

Streptococcus pyogenes is known as

Answer 10

β-hemolytic Group A streptococci

Question 11

Transforms plasminogen of human
plasma into plasmin, an active proteolytic enzyme that digests fibrin and other proteins allowing the bacteria to escape from blood clots

Answer 11

Streptokinase (Fibrinolysin)

Question 12

promotes hemolysis

Answer 12

Hemolysins

Question 13

small, flattened red patches that develop into oozing pus-filled vesicles on a red base

Answer 13

Impetigo

Question 14

Tx under streptococcal pyoderma

Answer 14

Tx: Topical mupirocin, oral erythromycin, and dicloxacillin

Question 15

Extensive and very rapidly spreading necrosis of the skin, tissues and fascia “Flesh-eating bacteria” other name of Group A streptococci that causes necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 15

Necrotizing fasciitis (Streptococcal gangrene)

Question 16

Tx under Necrotizing fasciitis (Streptococcal gangrene)

Answer 16

Tx: Immediate IV broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs; removal o
necrotic tissue; clindamycin + PCN

Question 17

Swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, tender lymph nodes

Answer 17

Tonsilitis

Question 18

intense redness and edema of the mucus membranes, with purulent exudates, enlarged and tender lymph nodes and high fever

Answer 18

Pharyngitis

Question 19

Shock, bacteremia, respiratory failure and multiorgan failure. Tend to occur after minor trauma with several presentations of soft tissue infections

Answer 19

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Question 20

Scarlet fever is caused by

Answer 20

pyrogenic exotoxins A-C

Question 21

Diagnosing of scarlet fever

Answer 21

(+) Quellung test and Optochin test

Question 22

Tx under scarlet fever

Answer 22

Tx: Penicillin (DOC); erythromycin, cephalosporin

Question 23

Surgery removing tonsil

Answer 23

Tonsillectomy

Question 24

Autoimmune disease. Can damage the heart valves and muscles especially if pharyngitis or tonsillitis is not treated well or if there is recurrent streptococcal infections

Answer 24

Rheumatic fever

Question 25

Tx under Rheumatic fever

Answer 25

Treatment: Uniformly susceptible to Pen G; Macrolides such as erythromycin and clindamycin – used for patients who are allergic to penicillin and for necrotizing fasciitis

Question 26

Part of the normal vaginal flora and lower GIT in women

Answer 26

Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 27

Disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae

Answer 27

Disease: neonatal sepsis and meningitis; UTI

Question 28

Tx under Streptococcus agalactiae

Answer 28

Tx: IV Ampicillin

Question 29

Lancet-shaped diplococci and α hemolytic

Answer 29

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 30

Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 30

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) or Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

Question 31

Tx under Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 31

PCN, Erythromycin

Question 32

Helical shape, flexible and Contain two or more axial filaments

Answer 32

Spirochete

Question 33

Two or more axial filaments

Answer 33

Endoflagella

Question 34

Disease caused by Treponema pallidum

Answer 34

Syphilis

Question 35

Enzyme in Treponema pallidum

Answer 35

hyaluronidase

Question 36

Formation of a chancre at the site of infection. In 1/3 of populations, the disappearance of the chancre is the end of the disease

Answer 36

Primary syphilis

Question 37

Untreated syphilis has four phases:

Answer 37

Primary Secondary Latent Tertiary

Question 38

Treponema has invaded the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body Rash lesions are filled with spirochetes and are extremely contagious

Answer 38

Secondary syphilis

Question 39

After several weeks r months, the rash gradually disappears

Answer 39

Latent syphilis

Question 40

Gummas. Destruction of cardiovascular and CNS tissue, personality changes, insanity, and blindness

Answer 40

Tertiary syphilis

Question 41

Results when Treponema crosses the placenta from an infected mother to her fetus.

Answer 41

Congenital syphilis

Question 42

Tx under treponema pallidum

Answer 42

Penicillin G (IV); Ceftriaxone if allergic to PCN

Question 43

Prevention for syphilis

Answer 43

Prevention: sexual abstinence, mutual monogamy, use condoms

Question 44

Disease caused by Borrelia

Answer 44

Lyme Disease and Relapsing fever

Question 45

Lyme disease caused by

Answer 45

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 46

Treatment for Lyme disease

Answer 46

Doxycycline, PCN, or Amoxicillin; antibiotic treatment for three to four weeks if the disease is caught early

Question 47

Prevention for Lyme disease

Answer 47

Prevention: Wear light-colored, tight-fitting clothes outdoors to limit tick exposure, use tick repellent, promptly remove ticks, examine skin for ticks and bites and avoid tick infested areas.

Question 48

Relapsing fever is caused by

Answer 48

Borrelia recurrentis

Question 49

Tx for Relapsing fever

Answer 49

Treatment: TCN and Erythromycin

Question 50

Aerobic spirochete

Answer 50

Leptospira interrogans

Question 51

Disease caused by Leptospira interrogans

Answer 51

Leptospirosis

Question 52

Tx for Leptospirosis

Answer 52

Treatment: Oral doxycycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, or IV ampicillin for more severe cases

Question 53

Prevention for Leptospirosis

Answer 53

Prevention: use of rodent controls, and avoid water contaminated with animal urine. A vaccine is available for pets and livestock

Question 54

Most common bacterial food-borne intestinal disease

Answer 54

Campylobacter diarrhea

Question 55

Tx for Campylobacter diarrhea

Answer 55

Tx: Most cases resolve without treatment; for severe cases Azithromycin is given

Question 56

Prevention for Campylobacter diarrhea

Answer 56

Prevention: culinary hygiene

Question 57

Disease caused by Helicobacter pylori

Answer 57

Peptic ulcer

Question 58

Tx for Peptic ulcer

Answer 58

Tx: Quadruple therapy (PPI with bismuth, Metronidazole and Tetracycline)

Question 59

Prevention gor peptic ulcer

Answer 59

Prevention: Good personal hygiene, adequate sanitation and proper food handling to decrease fecal-oral transmission, and lifestyle changes