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Flashcards in Bacteriostatic Deck (25)
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1
Q

What is the prototype for bacteriostatic medications?

A

Tetracycline

2
Q

Therapeutic use of Tetracycline?

A

mycoplasma (PNA), chlamydia and rickettsia, acne vulgaris, PCN allergy substitute, H pylori

3
Q

MOA of Tetracyclines?

A

Binds with 3OS ribosomes and inhibits microbial protein synthesis

4
Q

Adverse effects of TtracycliNE?

A

N/V/D, photosensitivity, esophagitis/ulceration, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasia, hypersensitivity, superinfection

5
Q

Why shouldn’t children be given Tetracycline?

A

d/t discoloration of the teeth and enamel hypoplasia in children < 8, as well as interference with bone growth

6
Q

Contraindications for Tetracycline?

A

hypersensitivity, pregnancy/lactation

7
Q

Tetracycline precautions?

A

renal failure

8
Q

Route, absorption, metabolism, and excretion of Tetracycline?

A

Route: PO; rapid
Absorption: 75% stomach
Metabolism: liver
Excretion: active form via renal

9
Q

Should tetracycline be taken on an empty stomach or with food?

A

on an empty stomach (1hr AC or 2 hours PC); 2 hours between use of tetracycline and chelators

10
Q

How to minimize GI adverse effects of Tetracycline?

A

Take with food but note that it can reduce absorption

11
Q

Why should ultraviolet light be avoided with tetracycline?

A

It can cause a sunburn; photosensitivity

12
Q

What symptoms should the pt notify the provider that may indicate a superinfection with the use of Tetracyclines?

A

diarrhea (c diff) or vaginal/anal itching (yeast)

13
Q

Interactions with Tetracyclines?

A

milk products, calcium and iron supplements, laxatives containing Mg, and antacids causes formation of nonabsorbable chelators → reducing absorption

14
Q

What should patients avoid to prevent esophagitis with tetracycline use?

A

taking med just before lying down

15
Q

What is the prototype for macrolides?

A

Erythromycin

16
Q

Therapeutic use of Erythromycin?

A

PCN allergy substitute, STI, pertussis

17
Q

MOA of Erythromycin?

A

suppresses protein synthesis at the level of the 50S bacterial ribosome

18
Q

Adverse effects of ErytRhrOmyCiN?

A

N/V, phlebitis, ototoxicity, rash, superinfection, prolonged QT interval, Torsades de pointes, pseudomembranous colitis

19
Q

Contraindications for Erythromycin?

A

hypersensitivity, hx of prolonged QT, concurrent use of pimozide, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, procainamide, quinidine, dofetilide, amiodarone, or sotalol

20
Q

Erythromycin precautions?

A

liver/renal disease

Geriatric population → increased risk of ototoxicity and prolonged QT interval

21
Q

Route, metabolism, and excretion of Erythromycin?

A

Route: PO, IV; rapid onset
Metabolism: partially by liver by cytochrome P450
Excretion: mainly in bile, small amount of urine

22
Q

Can Erythromycin be taken with meals?

A

Should be on empty stomach 1h AC and 2h PC

If GI upset take with meals

23
Q

How should the Erythromycin IV infusion be administered?

A

Slow infusion

24
Q

T/F. Patients should not drink grapefruit juice with Erythromycin

A

True

25
Q

Interactions with Erythromycin?

A

can increase half-lives and plasma level of several drugs