Flashcards in Balance of trade & exr Deck (8)
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1
define balance of payments (BOP)
Refers to a record of the receipts from and payments for all of the economic transactions btwn residents of an ecy and the rest of the world.
2
what are surpluses & deficits of the current account of a cty's BOP?
a surplus in the CA of a cty's BOP occurs when the total value of receipts exceeds the total value of payments arising from transactions in the account, resulting in net inflow of money.
a deficit in the CA of a cty's BOP occurs when the total value of payments exceeds the total value of recipts arising from transactions in the account, resulting in net outflow of money.
BOT is a part of CA btw
3
Capital & financial account
records the flow btwn ctys arising frm:
- short-term capital flows (hot $ flows)
- long-term capital flows
4
what is balance of trade (BOT)?
Refers to the record of the receipts frm the export of g&s and payments for the import of g&s btwn residents of an ecy and the rest of the world
5
causes of BOT deficit
px factors:
- relative inflation rates (dom inflation rates higher)
- exchange rates (appreciation of dom currency): NOTE assuming dd for both X & M to be sufficiently px elastic (PED of X = 1 & PED of M = 1), the px changes in X & M will induce a large enough change in Qd in the opposite direction to cause total X rev to fall relative to total M...etc)
- changes in px of key M/X arising frm global dd&ss conditions
- emergence of low-cost competitors
non-px factors:
- relative growth rates of TP (TP have poor growth rates)
- T&Ps
6
consequences of BOT deficit
on other macro goals: BOT deficit has contractionary effect on the ecy
- REG falls
- unN incr
>> however, shld the ecy be overheating, the decline in AD reduces comp for FOPs -> relieves inflationary pressure
>> how severe the trade deficit and its consequent effect on AD poses a prob to the ecy depends on the relative share of the various AD components
consider SOL
indirect effect on other macro goals
- problem of deficit financing
- prolonged net outflow of cty's currency -> undermining exr stability
7
consequences of BOT surplus
on other macro goals: BOT surplus has expansionary effect on the ecy
- REG rises
- unN decr
>> however, shld the ecy be overheating, the rise in AD may cause dd-pull inflation
>> how severe the trade deficit and its consequent effect on AD poses a prob to the ecy depends on the relative share of the various AD components
SOL: w an excess value of X over M, reduces availability of g&s to cty's residents, fewer wants and needs satisfied and lower lvl of utility derived -> current mat SOL falls
indirect effect on other macro goals
- net currency inflow -> dom currency apprec -> moderates dd-pull inflation in X PLUS moderates c-p inflation -> RNY shld rise while GPL rises modestly
8
