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Biomechanics Final > Balance & Posture > Flashcards

Flashcards in Balance & Posture Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is the point at which the force of gravity seems to be concentrated?

A

Center of mass/gravity

2
Q

Why is the center of mass and center of gravity essentially the same thing?

A

Gravitational force of the earth is taken to be uniform at all places

3
Q

What is the vertical line that represents gravity that passes through a system’s center of mass/gravity?

A

Line of gravity

4
Q

What is the area bound by regions of contact between a body and support surface or surfaces?

A

Base of support (BOS)

5
Q

What is another term for balance?

A

Stability

6
Q

What term means the ability to maintain the center of gravity within its base of support and also is resistance to disruption of equilibrium?

A

Balance (stability)

7
Q

What is the base of support while seated? Standing?

A
Seated = thighs and buttocks
Standing = area between outer borders of feet
8
Q

Does a larger or smaller base of support yield more stability?

A

Larger

9
Q

What happens if the center of gravity moves beyond the limits of the base of support?

A

FALL!

10
Q

Stability limits result from what?

A

Interaction between velocity and position of the COG

11
Q

What things can influence stability?

A

Muscle strength, range of motion, fear of falls, perceived stability, environmental conditions

12
Q

What is the term for the stereotypical alignment of body/limb segments?

A

Posture

13
Q

What is postural control?

A

Controlling body position in space for stability and orientation

14
Q

What does postural control depend on?

A

Integrity of nervous system, MSK system, special senses

15
Q

What are the primary postural muscles?

A

Neck extensors, paraspinals, hip extensors, gastroc-soleus, quadriceps

16
Q

Which is anticipatory postural control: feedforward or feedback control?

A

Feedfoward

17
Q

Which is a compensatory or reactive postural response: feedforward or feedback control?

A

Feedback

18
Q

Does sensory feedback from unexpected external perturbation trigger postural responses that are associated with feedforward or feedback control?

A

Feedback

19
Q

Are postural responses made prior to voluntary movement that is potentially destabilizing in order to maintain stability during the movement seen with feedforward or feedback control?

A

Feedforward

20
Q

Which is an example of a feedback control: voluntary movement or slipping on the ice outside?

A

Slipping on the ice outside

21
Q

Which is an example of a feedforward control: voluntary movement or slipping on the ice outside?

A

Voluntary movement

22
Q

During gait, one of the simplest ways to enhance stability is to utilize which form of control: feedforward or feedback?

A

Feedforward

23
Q

What three inputs must be integrated during gait?

A

Visual, vestibular, proprioceptive

24
Q

The Romberg test tests which input of postural control?

A

Visual

25
Q

The Caloric Reflex Test tests which input of postural control?

A

Vestibular

26
Q

What is the ultimate result of good posture?

A

Least amount of energy expended

27
Q

With every one inch of forward head carriage, how many extra pounds must be supported by the spine?

A

Additional 10 pounds