Ballast - Site Analysis and Design

Question 1

equally spaced contour lines represent

Answer 1

a uniform slope

Question 2

concave slopes have more densely spaced contour lines near…

Answer 2

the top of the slope

Question 3

convex slopes have more densely spaced contour lines at…

Answer 3

th bottom of the slope

Question 4

any site requires some modification of the land, but the changes should be kept to a minimum because…

Answer 4

• earth moving costs money
• excavating and building on steep slopes is more expensive than gentle slopes
• excesssive modificiaiton of the land affect drainage patterns that mut be resolved with contour changes, drainage ditches, culverts
• large changes in elevation can require retaining walls, which add costs
• removing or hauling soil is expensive
• large amounts of cutting may damage existing trees roots

Question 5

is it batter to orient a building parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the contours? Why?

Answer 5

parallel

in order ro minimize excavation costs

Question 6

in a topographic map, how are proposed and existing contour lines represented on the map?

Answer 6

• they are both shown on the same map
• existing lines are shown dashed and proposed lines are solid
• at the propoerty lines, the contour lines must match up with the existing contours at adacent properties or retaining walls should be built
• avoid modiciation of contour lines within the drop line of trees

Question 7

solar orientation inlfuences three aspects of site planning:

Answer 7

1) the orientation of the building to control solar heat gain or heat loss
2) the location of outdoor spacecs and activities
3) the ocation of building entries

Question 8

in the northern hemisphere, the sun is lowest and highest at what times of the year

Answer 8

lowest - december 21

highest - june 21

Question 9

Convex Slope

Answer 9

closely spaced contour lines at the bottom of the slope

Question 10

Valley/swale

Answer 10

point in the direction of the upslope – toward higher elevation

Question 11

uniform slope

Answer 11

equally spaced contour lines

Question 12

concave slope

Answer 12

closely spaced contour lines near the top of the slope

Question 13

ridge/crown

Answer 13

point in the direction of the downslope – toward low elevation

Question 14

since overhangs are’nt as effective at shading on east and west facades, what can be used?

Answer 14

vertical baffles

Question 15

in hot humid climates, it is better to locate patios and outdoor spaces where?

Answer 15

where they would receive shade from building or trees

Question 16

in temperate climates, it is better to locate patios and outdoor spaces where?

Answer 16

where they have the advantage of the warming effects of the sun

Question 17

the USA and Canada can be divided into four general climatic regions:

Answer 17

1) cool
2) temperate
3) hot-humid
4) hot arid

Question 18

design strategies for cool climates

Answer 18

• use compact forms with the smallest surface area possible to relative volume
• large south facing windows with smalle windows on the east ans west, minimal windows in the nroth
• interior materials with high thermal mass
• include summer shading for glazed area
• use dark or medium dark colors for the building exterior

Question 19

design strategies for temperate climates

Answer 19

plan rectangular buildings with the long direction oriented generally along the east-west axis and facing slightly to the east

• provide shade in the summer, and allow the sun to fall on glazing and the building in the winter
• use south facing openings to capture winter sunlight
• plan for cooling effects of wind in the summer; block int he winter
• use medium colors for the building exterior

Question 20

design strategies for hot-humid climates

Answer 20

• provide shade for all opening
• maximize natural ventilation with large opening, high ceilings, and cross ventilation
• construct buildings using light weight materials; minimize thermal mass
• light colors for building exterior

Question 21

design strategies for hot arid climates

Answer 21

• use compact forms with the smallest surface area possible relative to the volume
• minimize size openings
• provide shade for openings
• maximize thermal mass use light colors for building materials

Question 22

Hills:

Answer 22

concentric circles with elevations getting higher towards the center

Question 23

Depression:

Answer 23

concentric circles with the elevations getting lower towards the center

Question 24

Contour Interval:

Answer 24

it is the vertical distance between adjacent contour lines. A contour interval will vary depending on the steepness of the slope, the scale of the map, and the amount of detail required.

Question 25

passive solar heating

Answer 25

- orient the long axis of the building in the east-west direction; southern collection surfaces face directly south or within 15 deg of true south - passive solar heating method should be integrated with daylighting - use deciduous trees

Question 26

radiative cooling

Answer 26

-uses thermal mass to store heat during the day and release heat to the outside at night

Question 27

ground coupling

Answer 27

-uses the stable coolness of the earth to cool a building, typically by using a ground-source heat pump

Question 28

facade-integrated photovoltaics

Answer 28

-technology that allows integral PV technology in glass and roofing shingles

Question 29

the two basic types of drainage are

Answer 29

1) aboveground: sheet flow, gutters built into roadways, parking areas ground swales as part of landscaping, and channels 2) underground: perforated drains, enclosed storm sewers

Question 30

underground systems use piping with a minimum slope of

Answer 30

0.3%

Question 31

what is the purpose of the sump in a catch basin ??

Answer 31

it allows debris to settle instead of allowing it to flow down the sewer

Question 32

where are manholes typically located along the sewer line?

Answer 32

-wherever the sewer changes directions maximum of 500 ft apart

Question 33

the capacity of a drainage system is based on

Answer 33

- the size of the area to be drained - the runoff coefficient (fraction of water not absorbed into the ground) - the amount of water to be drained during the most severe storm anticipated in the design

Question 34

the utlities that should be located prior to design include

Answer 34

-sanitary sewer lines, storm sewers, water lines, gas, electricity, steam, telephone, and cable television

Question 35

our of most utlities, which utiliies takes precedence over others? Why?

Answer 35

sanitary sewers and storm sewers usually takes precedence because they depend on gravity flow -the lowest elevations if the existing public sewer line should be establsihed, since the effluent must flow from the lowest point where the sewer line leaves the building to the main sewer

Question 36

the minimum slope of the building sewer is

Answer 36

0. 5% to 2.0% depending on the size of the pipe - a greater slope is required for smaller pipes

Question 37

there are three major types of site circulation

Answer 37

1) automobile 2) pedestriant 3) service

Question 38

planning for automobile circulation includes ....

Answer 38

locating the entry drives to the site and providing on site roads to reach the parking areas and the building drop off point

Question 39

roads should be limited to a mxaimum slope of

Answer 39

15% for short distances, although 10% or less is prefereable

Question 40

if a road does slope more than 10%, there should be...

Answer 40

...trnsition slopes of one-half of the maximum slope between the road and level areas

Question 41

ramps crossing sidewalks must have....

Answer 41

...a level area between the ramp and the sidewalk

Question 42

what is the minimum slope a road must have for adequate drainage?

Answer 42

1/4" per foot

Question 43

road curbs should be how high?

Answer 43

6"

Question 44

when pedestrian walks are nest to parking where cars can overhang the walk, the walk should be what minimum width?

Answer 44

6 feet wide

Question 45

pedestrian walks should slope a minimum of

Answer 45

1/4" perpendicular to the direction of paving for drainage

Question 46

cul de sac radius

Answer 46

Question 47

driveway entry dimensions

Answer 47

Question 48

moving lane dimensions

Answer 48

Question 49

true or false. service and automobile circulation should be kept separate.

Answer 49

true - service trucks may use the same entry and drives as automobiles but loading area should be separate - sufficient turning space or backing up areas should be provided to allow for truck maneuvering

Question 50

the number of cars to be parked is determined by

Answer 50

requirements of the zoning ordinance or by the building program

Question 51

the parking stall size for a standard size car is

Answer 51

9'-0" wide x 19'-0" long

Question 52

the parking stall size for a compact cars is

Answer 52

7'-6" wide x 15'-0" long

Question 53

what type of parking is most efficient for land use

Answer 53

90 degrees

Question 54

if a van-accessible space is required, the parking stall for the van must be how wide?

Answer 54

96 inches (8 feet) wide -must be level with accessible route

Question 55

the minimum slope for drainage of parking areas is

Answer 55

1.5% minimum 5% maximum -for convenience use 2% or 3 %

Question 56

if trees are employed as a windbreak, what types of trees are preferred?

Answer 56

evergreens will remain effective in the winter

Question 57

generally, planting strips with trees in parking areas and between other paved areas should be at least how wide?

Answer 57

7 feet

Question 58

landscaping strips for grass or groundcovers between paved areas should be at least how wide?

Answer 58

4 feet wide

Question 59

the contours of the land cannot be changed around existing trees until...

Answer 59

....the tree's drip line

Question 60

Answer 60

A=35'-50' B = 10'-12' C = 20' D = 35'-50' E = 45' F = 12'-14'

Question 61

Pair the folllowing: parallels medridians longitude latitude

Answer 61

-parallels run eat west and follow the latitudes of the earth --meridians run north south and follow the longitudes of the earth

Question 62

what are the primary meridians and parallels called and serve as the basus for the grid layout?

Answer 62

- primary meridians are called principal meridians; other merdians are called guide meridians - primary parallels are called base lines; other parallels are called standard paralles

Question 63

primary meridians and paralle are how far apart?

Answer 63

24 miles

Question 64

the squares formed by the grid pf principal meridians and base lines are called what?

Answer 64

checks -they are 24 mi x 24 mi

Question 65

checks are divided into what?

Answer 65

townships (6 mi x 6 mi) -16 townships in each check

Question 66

townships are referred to by...

Answer 66

...a number referenced to a principal medidian and base line

Question 67

the row of townships running east and west is referred to as...

Answer 67

...a township -same term, different meaning

Question 68

the row of townships running north and south are referred to as....

Answer 68

a range

Question 69

townships are numbered sequentially beginning at...

Answer 69

a baseline -those north of the baseline are north townships and those south are south townships

Question 70

township 13 north, range 7 of the 6th principal meridian would be abbreviated as...

Answer 70

T.13N, R.7E, 6th PM

Question 71

each township is divided into what?

Answer 71

36 sections, 1 mi x 1 mi -these are numbered sequentially starting in the northeast section, moving west, dropping down, then moveing east, and so on

Question 72

sections are commonly further divided into ...

Answer 72

...quarter sections, 0.5 mi x 0,5 mi

Question 73

quarter sections are divided into ....

Answer 73

4 parcels,

Question 74

property line bearings for a site are referred to by

Answer 74

the number of degrees, minutes, and sconds the line is locaed either east or west of a north-south line

Question 75

one section contains how many acres?

Answer 75

640 acres

Question 76

one quarter sectioins contins how many acres?

Answer 76

40 acres

Question 77

a hectare =

Answer 77

2.47 acres (10,000 meters square)

Question 78

Answer 78

A = 35' -50' B = 10'-12' C = 20' D = 35'-50' E = 45' F =12'-14'

Question 79

on freeways, intersections will be limited to --- or ---ft intervals.

Answer 79

5000 or 3000 ft intervals

Question 80

succsessive interections with an arterial street be no closer than

Answer 80

820 ft

Question 81

the curb at street corners should have a radius of ---ft for minor streets, or ---ft for major streets to allow easy turns.

Answer 81

12 ft for minor streets 50 ft for major streets

Question 82

idewalks should have a minimum width of

Answer 82

3 ft -sidewalks can be 2.5 ft wide if they lead directly to the entrance of a private dwelling

Question 83

collector sidewalks must be at least how wide

Answer 83

6 ft