Balliol’s rule - Edward’s overlordship - description of Content - BE Flashcards
crowned at Scone
30th November Balliol crowned at Scone on the stone of destiny & John de St John present.
Important as an early demonstration Edward had no intention of allowing King John to rule without English influence.
Burgess of Berwick
22nd December - despite terms of the Treaty of Birgham Edward heard the Burgess of Berwick’s dispute of King John’s decision.
Important as Edward overruled it, demonstrating he & not King John had authority over Scottish law.
First demands for homage
1292 - John summoned to Edwards Parliament in Newcastle: pays homage for his kingdom & pledges to ‘aid & support Edward against all others’.
Important because before Balliol was even crowned, Edward had established the subservience of the Scottish king to the English king and this is immediately consolidated with the homage at Newcastle
The coronation and early interferance
1292 - King John forced to accept Englishman as his ‘Treasurer’. Edward also ordered the wording of the Royal Seal of Scotland to be changed & declared promises to Scots before King John’s crowning were void.
Important because this was the first of a series of deliberate acts demonstrating, from the very start, that Edward had no intention of allowing Scotland or King John to rule free from English influence. Even at this early stage Balliol appears a puppet king…
annulment of the treaty of birgham
1293- King John pressured into annulling the Treaty of Birgham in presence of Edward I who argued it was a marriage treaty and no marriage had taken place.
Important because now removed any lingering doubt that Edward was bound to honour the guarantees of the independence of Scotland that were contained in the Treaty of Birgham.
humiliation at westminster
May 1293 he summoned Balliol to appear at his council in Westminster to explain his original decision in the Macduff case.
Important because it utterly undermines any authority John had, - a Scottish king repeatedly summoned to England to be humiliated in front of the English court.
castles
Nov 1293 – John reluctantly accepted summons - argued he had to consult his advisors. Edward threatens to seize 3 castles - John caves in & Macduff awarded damages.
Important as again confirms the King of Scots did not have authority over Scottish law.
anglo french wars
Edward preparing for war v King Philip IV of France - demands military service from John.
Important because it signified how far Edward believed his authority as overlord extended
