Bandura Flashcards
(36 cards)
Define social learning theory
The theory claims that people learn by observing other people, particularly those they look up to (their role models).
After observing, people then imitates the model’s behaviour, even in other contexts when the model is no longer present.
What is the background of the study?
- Children readily imitate an adult model’s behaviour in the presence of that model
- Parents tend to reward gender appropriate behaviours.
Why was the study carried out?
- No evidence of whether the children will generalise their imitative responses to new situation, so now wanted to investigate
- Now wanted to investigate whether there is a greater degree of imitative learning from a same-sex model rather than opposite sex
What is the aim of the study?
To investigate whether a child would learn aggression by observing a model and would reproduce this behaviour in the absence of the model, and whether the sex of role model was important
What are the 4 hypotheses?
- observed aggressive behaviour will be imitated so children seeing aggressive models will be more aggressive compared to control group
(controlled group more aggressive than non-aggressive group)
- children seeing non aggressive role models will be less aggressive
- children will be likely to copy same-sex model
- boys will be more likely to copy aggression
Define Generalised inhibiting effect
calm effect on behaviour expected to be observed in children in non-aggressive model condition.
What is the type of experiment?
Laboratory experiment
How did Bandura collect the data?
Time sampling, controlled structured observation
What is the sampling technique?`
not specified, but likely opportunity sample
How many participants and models? age?
36 boys, 36 girls, aged 37 to 69 month
2 adult models, 1 male, 1 female
What is the experimental design?
independent groups AND matched participants
3 IVs
- Model type aggressive / non aggressive / no model - Gender of model male / female - Gender of child male/female
DV
The learning demonstrated by the child.
Specifically, imitative and non-imitative verbal and physical aggressive behaviour.
Describe the participants in experiment group 1 and group 2
AGGRESSIVE MODEL 24 participants, 12 boys 12 girls 4 groups Male model with 6 boys Male model with 6 girls Female model with 6 boys Female model with 6 boys
Group 2 = NON AGGRESSIVE
everything same
How did they match the participants, and how did they assign participants to each condition?
- All children were rated on 5 point scales for
- verbal and physical aggression
- aggression towards inanimate objects
- aggression anxiety
by the experimenter and a nursery teacher.
- They were organised into triplets, who would all have the SAME aggression score
- Each member of the triplet was allocated to a different condition of the IV - or the control
Was the inter-rater reliability high?
Inter-rater reliability was checked for ratings from 51 children, it was high at 0.9, which is a very strong correlation.
What is the experimental condition for room 1? (briefly describe)
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITION
pps brought into experimental room
model invited
10 minutes, children leaves
What are at two corners of the room in room 1?
One corner:
- child’s play area
- small table, chair
- picture stickers
The other corner:
- small table, chair
- tinker-toy set
- mallet
- 5 foot bobo doll
What did the aggressive model do?
- assembled toy for 1 minute
- turned to bobo doll
- sit on doll and punch on nose
- hits bobo with mallet
- throw in air
What did the non aggressive model do?
model quietly assembled tinker-toy (gentle manner), ignoring the bobo
What is the experimental condition for room 2? (briefly describe)
AGGRESSION AROUSAL
2 rooms with relatively attractive toys
- a fire engine, train, doll set
What happened when the children started to play in room 2?
As soon as the children started to play with the toys, the experimenter told the child that these were the experimenter’s very best toys and had to reserve for the other children. However, the subject could play with any of the toys that were in the next room.
Why in room 2 experimenter stopped the children from playing?
This stage was included to ensure that all participants were under some degree of instigation to aggression
Why need to put children under some degree of instigation to aggression? (2 reasons)
whether observation of a non-aggressive model had an inhibitory effect when these children were put into a situation that would instigate aggression
research suggests observing an aggressive model reduces the likelihood of aggression, which means children who observed aggressive model may be in a lesser state to instigation aggression than others.
