BAP

Question 1

What is the biomedical concept of health?

Answer 1

Absence of disease; human body as a machine, and disease as a consequence of breakdown.

Doctor’s task is to repair the machine.

Question 2

What is a limitation of the biomedical concept?

Answer 2

Minimizes the role of environmental, social, psychological, and cultural determinants of health.

Question 3

According to the Oxford dictionary, how is health defined?

Answer 3

State of being well in body or mind.

Question 4

How does Webster define health?

Answer 4

Condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit, especially freedom from physical disease or pain.

Question 5

What does Perkins define health as?

Answer 5

A state of relative equilibrium of body, form and function resulting from successful dynamic adjustment to disturbing forces.

Question 6

To a biochemist, health means what?

Answer 6

Normal biochemical levels/values.

Question 7

What does a pathologist consider as health?

Answer 7

Normal cellular makeup.

Question 8

For a geneticist, health is defined as?

Answer 8

Correct existence of genetic potential.

Question 9

What does a clinician consider when defining health?

Answer 9

No abnormality in structure and function of the body.

Question 10

How does a psychiatrist define health?

Answer 10

Well adjusted and balanced personality.

Question 11

What does an anatomist mean by a healthy body?

Answer 11

It should conform to normal anatomical structures.

Question 12

For a physiologist, health means?

Answer 12

Normal body functions.

Question 13

How do gender differences affect perceptions of health?

Answer 13

Men and women think about health differently; women may find it more interesting and include a social aspect.

Question 14

What cultural difference was noted in patients’ understanding of high blood pressure?

Answer 14

African-Caribbean patients regarded it as ‘normal’ rather than a risk for stroke/heart attack.

Question 15

In terms of age, how do older and younger people view health?

Answer 15

Older people focus on functional ability; younger people view it in terms of physical strength and fitness.

Question 16

How does social class impact perceptions of health?

Answer 16

People in difficult circumstances view health as functional; higher social class individuals have a multidimensional view.

Question 17

What did Blaxter (1995) identify as lay definitions for health?

Answer 17

• Absence of disease
• Physical fitness
• Functional ability

Question 18

What is the ecological concept of health?

Answer 18

Dynamic equilibrium between man and environment; disease is maladjustment to the environment.

Question 19

What does the psychosocial concept of health emphasize?

Answer 19

Influence of social, psychological, cultural, economic, and political factors.

Question 20

Define the holistic concept of health.

Answer 20

Unified or multidimensional process involving the well-being of the whole person in context of their environment.

Question 21

What is a criticism of the WHO definition of health?

Answer 21

Too idealistic and unattainable; implies complete well-being.

Question 22

What support is there for the WHO definition of health?

Answer 22

• Avoids equating health with absence of disease
• Recognizes various health aspects
• Acknowledges health affects all life spheres
• Incorporates subjective health feelings

Question 23

According to WHO (1986), what is health?

Answer 23

A resource for everyday life, emphasizing social and personal resources and physical capacities.

Question 24

How is health defined by researchers in Lancet (2009)?

Answer 24

Ability of a body to adapt to new threats and infirmities.

Question 25

What common definitions do most people have about health?

Answer 25

* Being free from symptoms of disease and pain * Being able to be active * Being in good spirits

Question 26

What does the health-illness continuum represent?

Answer 26

Measure of a person's perceived level of wellness, ranging from health to illness.

Question 27

What are the dimensions of health?

Answer 27

* Physical health * Social health * Emotional health * Intellectual health * Spiritual health * Occupational health * Environmental health

Question 28

Define wellness.

Answer 28

To be healthy, happy, and well-adjusted in all life areas, including physical, emotional, intellectual, career, social, and spiritual wellness.

Question 29

What are the stages of disease according to the natural history?

Answer 29

* Stage of susceptibility * Stage of pre-symptomatic disease * Stage of clinical disease * Stage of terminations

Question 30

What is the difference between disease, illness, and sickness?

Answer 30

Disease refers to pathological processes; illness is the subjective experience of discomfort; sickness is influenced by social norms.

Question 31

What factors affect our understanding of health?

Answer 31

* Education level * Cultural factors * Personal interests * Context of living

Question 32

What is meant by social well-being?

Answer 32

Ability of a person to adjust with others in social life, including relationships and community interaction.

Question 33

What does health mean to you?

Answer 33

Health is a fundamental human right and the attainment of the highest possible level of health is the most important worldwide social goal. ## Footnote This definition emphasizes the subjective nature of health and its significance in society.

Question 34

What is the difference between illness and disease?

Answer 34

Illness refers to a person’s subjective experience of feeling unwell, while disease refers to a specific pathology. ## Footnote Illness can include symptoms such as discomfort, tiredness, or general malaise.

Question 35

What characterizes an acute illness?

Answer 35

Acute illness is typically characterized by severe symptoms of relatively short duration. ## Footnote This type of illness often resolves quickly.

Question 36

What defines a chronic illness?

Answer 36

A chronic illness lasts for an extended period, usually 6 months or longer, and often for a person's life. ## Footnote Examples include diabetes and hypertension.

Question 37

List some impacts of illness on a client.

Answer 37

* Loss of autonomy * Self-concept and body image changes * Lifestyle changes ## Footnote These impacts can significantly affect a person's day-to-day life.

Question 38

How can illness impact a family?

Answer 38

* Role changes * Task reassignments * Increased demands on time * Anxiety about outcomes * Conflict about unaccustomed responsibilities * Financial problems * Loneliness due to separation and pending loss * Change in social customs ## Footnote Family dynamics can shift dramatically due to illness.

Question 39

What factors influence the impact of illness on a family?

Answer 39

* Member of the family who is ill * Seriousness and length of the illness * Cultural and social customs the family follows ## Footnote Each family's response to illness can vary based on these factors.

Question 40

What are the five stages of illness described by Suchman?

Answer 40

* Stage 1: Symptoms experienced * Stage 2: Assumption of the sick role, confirmation from family and friends * Stage 3: Medical care contact * Stage 4: Dependent client role * Stage 5: Recovery or rehabilitation ## Footnote This model outlines the progression of how individuals experience illness.

Question 41

True or False: Health is only defined by the absence of disease.

Answer 41

False. ## Footnote Health encompasses a broader understanding, including mental and social well-being.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The context we live in and one's own personal interests are factors affecting our understanding of _______.

Answer 42

[Health] ## Footnote These factors can shape individual perceptions and definitions of health.

Question 43

What is the significance of education level in understanding health?

Answer 43

Education level and training are crucial factors affecting our understanding of health. ## Footnote Higher education can lead to better health literacy.