Bap Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the definition of public health?
Public health is one of the efforts organised by society to protect, promote, and restore the people’s health. It is the combination of science and art that is directed to the maintenance and improvement of the health of all the people through collective or social actions (WHO).
What is health promotion?
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions (WHO).
What components are included in health promotion?
- Health Education
- Social and Political Actions to facilitate support for improved quality of life
How is health education defined?
Health education is a two-way communication activity aimed at enhancing positive health and preventing/diminishing ill health in individuals and groups and influencing beliefs, attitudes, values and behaviour of those in power and the community at large (Downie, Tannahill and Tannahill, 1997).
What is the significance of the Ottawa Charter?
The Ottawa Charter serves as a framework for health promotion.
List the major global events that have influenced health promotion.
- The Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978)
- The Ottawa Charter (1986)
- Adelaide Recommendations on Healthy Public Policy (1988)
- Sundsvall Statement on Supportive Environments for Health (1991)
- The Jakarta Declaration (1997)
- Social Determinants of Health, WHO (2008)
What is the first strategy of the Ottawa Charter?
Build healthy public policy.
Fill-in-the-blank: The Ottawa Charter emphasizes the need for _______ that protects the health of individuals and communities.
[healthy public policy]
What does the Ottawa Charter suggest about supportive environments for health?
It links natural and built environments to health and increases the ability of people to make healthy choices in those settings.
What is emphasized in the Ottawa Charter regarding community participation?
Community participation is aligned with the Alma Ata (1978) and emphasizes empowerment.
What does empowerment refer to in the context of the Ottawa Charter?
Empowerment refers to the ability of people to gain understanding and control over personal, social, community, economic and political forces in order to take action to improve their life situations.
What is the focus of the Ottawa Charter’s strategy on developing personal skills?
It focuses on developing skills for health-seeking behaviour and increasing self-efficacy.
What does the Ottawa Charter mean by re-orienting health services?
Health promotion includes prevention of ill-health, promotion of good health, and the need for timeous curative care and rehabilitation.
What are the three ways in which practitioners can promote health according to the Ottawa Charter?
- Advocacy
- Enablement
- Mediation
True or False: Advocacy involves representing the interests of disadvantaged groups.
True
What does enablement in health promotion aim to achieve?
It aims to reduce differences in current health status and ensure equal opportunities for all people.
What is the purpose of mediation in health promotion?
Mediation involves coordination and cooperation by many agencies and sectors to influence local and national policy.
What factors underpin the Jakarta Declaration?
- Promoting social responsibility for health
- Increasing investment for health development
- Consolidating and expanding partners for health
- Increasing community capacity and empowering the individual
- Securing infrastructure for health promotion
When did health promotion first enter the South African health system?
In 1990.
What major problem affects health promotion in South Africa?
Poor capacity and infrastructure development and few qualified personnel to provide leadership direction.
What policies influence health promotion in South Africa?
- National Health Plan (1994)
- National Policy for Health Promotion (2015 – 2019)
- The National Development Plan 2030
- Re-engineering of PHC
- Emerging diseases, HIV/AIDS, COVID 19
What are the Liverpool 7 pointers?
- What public health issues are raised by this problem?
- How does this problem affect the population?
- What are the health needs of the population in relation to this problem?
- How can the burden of this problem be reduced?
- How should health services be organized and delivered to address this problem?
- What are the main research and development issues raised by the problem?
- What are the main public health policy implications of this problem?
What is a key characteristic of health promoting hospitals?
Health promotion is a core dimension of quality in hospital services.
What role do health promoting workplaces play in health promotion?
They directly influence the physical, mental, economic and social well-being of workers.
