BARK

Question 1

consists of external tissues lying outside the cambium, in stem or root of dicotyledonous plants.

Answer 1

The bark

Question 2

Methods of collection of barks

Answer 2

Felling method
Uprooting method
Coppicing method

Question 3

The fully grown tree is cut down near the ground level by an axe.

Answer 3

Felling method

Question 4

In this method, the stem of definite age and diameter are cut down, the root is dug up and bark is collected from roots, stems and branches.

Answer 4

Uprooting method

Question 5

The plant is allowed to grow up to certain age and diameter.

Answer 5

Coppicing method

Question 6

depends upon the mode of cuts made and the extent and shrinkage occurred during drying.

Answer 6

The shape of the bark

Question 7

Morphology of bark (SHAPE)

Answer 7

Flat
Curved
Recurved
Chanelled
Quill
Double quill
Compound quill

Question 8

Morphology of bark (outer surface)

Answer 8

Smooth
Lenticels
Cracks and fissures
Longitudinal wrinkles
Furrows
Exfoliation
Rhytidoma
Corky warts
Epiphytes

Question 9

Morphology of bark (inner surface)

Answer 9

Striations
Corrugations

Question 10

The appearance of exposed surface of
trans-versely broken bark

Answer 10

Fracture

Question 11

When the large piece of the bark is collected from old trunk and dried under pressure, e.g. Quillaia and Aarjuna barks.

Answer 11

Flat

Question 12

both the sides of the bark are curved inside, e.g. Wild cherry, Cassia and Cascara barks.

Answer 12

Curved

Question 13

Both sides of bark are curved outside, e.g. Kurchi bark.

Answer 13

recurved

Question 14

When the sides of bark are curved towards innerside to form channel, e.g. Cascara, Cassia and Cinnamon barks.

Answer 14

Chanelled

Question 15

If one edge of bark covers the other edge, e.g. Ceylon, Cinnamon and Cascara barks

Answer 15

Quill

Question 16

both the edges curve inward, e.g. Cinnamon and Cassia barks.

Answer 16

Double quill

Question 17

When the quills of smaller diameter are packed into bigger quills

Answer 17

Compound quill, e.g. Cinnamon bark

Question 18

When development of cork is even, e.g. Arjuna bark.

Answer 18

smooth

Question 19

They are transversely elongated hole formed on outer surface because of lateral pressure, e.g. Wild Cherry and Cascara barks.

Answer 19

Lenticels

Question 20

They are formed due to increase in diameter, e.g. Cinchona bark

Answer 20

Cracks and fissures

Question 21

They are formed because of shrinkage of soft tissues, e.g. Cascara bark.

Answer 21

Longitudinal wrinkles

Question 22

If troughs between wrinkles are wide, e.g. Cinchona calisaya bark.

Answer 22

Furrows

Question 23

Sometimes the cork of bark flakes off exposing cortex, e.g. in Wild cherry bark.

Answer 23

Exfoliation

Question 24

It is composite dead tissue consisting of alternate layers of cork, cortex and/or phloem, e.g. Quillaia and Tomentosa barks.

Answer 24

Rhytidoma

Question 25

They are the small circular patches, found sometimes in old barks, e.g. in Cinchona succirubra and Ashoka barks.

Answer 25

Corky warts

Question 26

such as moss, lichen and liverwarts are sometimes seen in bark, e.g. Cascara bark.

Answer 26

Epiphytes

Question 27

When parallel longitudinal ridges are formed during drying, it may be fine or coarse, e.g. Cascara bark.

Answer 27

Striations

Question 28

They are the parallel transverse wrinkles formed due to longitudinal shrinkage, e.g. Cascara bark.

Answer 28

Corrugations