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Music History 1 > Baroque > Flashcards

Baroque Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is the genre of Spring

A

violin concerto

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2
Q

who wrote spring and when

A

Vivaldi, 1725

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3
Q

what is the subtitle of the collection that Spring from the Four seasons comes from

A

il cimento dell’armonia e dell’invenzione

The contest between harmony and inspiration

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4
Q

name a programmatic work from the baroque era

A

Spring from the Four Seasons

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5
Q

what is the inspiration for The Four seasons

A

a collection of sonnets, written by Vivaldi describing the four seasons.
Text was printed in the original score

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6
Q 
Spring--4 Seasons, First movement
key:
tempo:
time sig:
form
A

key: E major
tempo: allegro
time: C
form: Ritornello form

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7
Q

spring, first movement

text:

A

spring has arrived, birds celebrate, murmuring streams

storm clouds and thunder and lightning

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8
Q

how does the music portray the text in spring first movememnt

A

spring has arrived- spirited rhythmic igures, bright character and a dance-like quality
birds celebrate: high pitched trills, repeated note figures
murmuring streams: rapid undulating figure in violins
thunder and lightning: tremolando passages and ascending thirty-second note scales

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9
Q

what is the instrumentation for Spring-Vivaldi

A

solo violin, strings and continuo (ripieno)

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10
Q 
spring--4 seasons Second movement
key:
tempo:
time sig:
form:
A

key: C# minor
tempo: largo
time: 3/4
form: 2 part structure

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11
Q

how is the instrumentation different in the second movement of Spring?

A

no cello or continuo

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12
Q

spring second movement text:

A

goatherd sleeps in a meadow with his faighful dog

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13
Q

how is the text of the second movement of spring portrayed in the music

A

violins languorous melody represents the sleeping goatherd

viola ostinato represents the barking dog

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14
Q 
spring--4 seasons Third movement
key:
tempo:
time sig:
form:
A

key: E major
tempo: allegro
time: 12/8
form: ritornello form

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15
Q

spring 4 seasons third movment text:

A

nymphs and shepherds welcome spring and dance to the rustic bagpipe sound

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16
Q

how does the music portray the text in Spring- third music

A

bass notes create the drone of the bagpipes

the melody has a rustic dance character with dotted eighth note figure.

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17
Q

Bach Dates

A

1685-1750

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18
Q

where was bach born

A

Eisenach, Germany

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19
Q

did bach have a musical family

A

yes, family profession for 5 generations. father was court trumpeter

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20
Q

describe bachs early life

A

orphaned at age 10
his oldest brother taught him music
sang in choirs, became an accomplished violinist and organist
trained in instrument building and repair

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21
Q

name the 4 cities Bach worked

A

Arstadt, Mulhausen 1703-1708
Weimar 1708-1717
Cothen 1717-1723
Leipzig 1723-1750

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22
Q

Bach in Arnstadt, Mulhausen
dates:
work:
significant:

A

1703-08
court violinist, chamber musician and organist
met famous organist Buxtehude in Lubeck
married marie Barbara. 2 of their children became successful musicians

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23
Q

name 2 of bachs children who became successful musicians

A

Carl Philip Emanuel

Wilhelm Friedemann

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24
Q

Who did Bach meet in Lubeck

A

famous organist Buxtehude

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25
``` Bach in Weimar dates: patrons duties compositions ```
1708-17 patrons: Duke of Weimar duties: employed at church, composed and taught, and was court organist compositions: many organ works- ie Fugues. Sinfonia in F major.
26
``` Bach in Cothen dates: patron: duties: compositions: other: ```
dates: 1717-23 patron: Prince Leopold duties: Kappelmeister compositions: solo and chaber works. -The Well-Tempered Clavier book 1 6 Brandenburg concerti 6 French suites 6 English Suites other: married Anna Magdalena
27
``` Bach in Leipzig dates work: compositions other: ```
dates: 1723-50 (died there) work: cantor at St.Thomas school- taught, composed, many musical responsibilities director of collegium musicum supervised music for 4 main churches in city compositions: Well Tempered Clavier book 2 The Art of fugue St Johns Passion Goldberg Variations other: son CPE worked for Frederick the great, bach visited and wrote The Musical Offering for the king.
28
Bachs musical style
perfected existing styles rather than develop new ones inspire from his personal faith as a devout Lutheran dedicated all works to the glory of god master of contrapuntal art Virtuoso organist absorbed international styles- german, French, italian
29
What genres did bach compose for
keyboard works: WTC, 6 French Suites, 6 English suites organ works; toccatas and fugues chamber music: cello suites orchesetral works: 6 Brandenburg Concertos Vocal works: 200 Cantatas, passions- St. Johns passion
30
describe what Bach did for work in Arnstadt/Mulhausen
court violinist, chmber musician and organist.
31
describe what Bach did for work in Leipzig
cantor at st Thomas school-many musical responsibilities director of collegium musicum supervised music for 4 main churches in the city
32
name some compositions Bach wrote in each city Weimar Cothen Leipzig
Weimar: sinfonia in F+ Cothen: suites, Brandenburg concertos, WTC 1 Leipzig: WTC 2, art of Fugue, St. John's Passion
33
``` Prelude (Bach) key: time: texture: structure: ```
key: Bb major time: C texture: homophonic and polyphonic structure: Binary
34
Prelude (bach) | tempo:
tempo: not specifically indicated, but the style implies a quick tempo, in the manner of a toccata, a fast keyboard work demonstrating virtuosic, improvisatory style
35
Prelude (bach) | A section
Broken chord passages played in thirty-second notes, sequentially. polyphonic texture
36
prelude (Bach) | B section
Arpeggiated seventh chords homophonic texture toccata style continues with use of cadenza like runs
37
describe the feel of the prelude from the prelude and fugue in Bb major
light, joyful feel. | improvisatory style contrast the structured fugue to follow
38
how is virtuosity highlighted in the prelude (bach)
rapid pace, candezas and thiry-second notes
39
``` Fugue key: time: texture: tempo: ```
key: Bb major time: 3/4 texture: polyphonic, 3 voice tempo: fast, but bach does not give tempo directions anywhere in the score
40
what type of answer and countersubject is used in the fugue in Bb major
tonal answer | two countersubjects simultaneously throughout, accompany the subject and answer
41
describe the fugal exposition (fugue in Bb major)
subject (unusually long)presente in top voice, in Bb major Tonal answer in the middle voice, in the dominant key Countersubject two in top voice, subject in bass
42
Middle section (fugue in Bb major)
two episodes, many key modulations | no stretti
43
Describe the ending of the fugue in Bb major
tonal answer reaffirms home key of Bb major | ends with a Coda.
44
Handel dates
1685-1759
45
where was handel born
halle, germany
46
describe handels early life
father was a prosperous barber surgeon, but discouraged son from pursuing music, Handel studies law at university of halle. pursued music professionally after fathers sdeath
47
Name 4 placed handel lived and worked
Hamburg 1703-1706 Italy 1706-1710 Hanover 1710-1712 London 1712-1759
48
Handel in Hamburg | dates, work and compositions
1703-1706 worked in opera orchestra composed his first operas: Almira, Nero
49
Handel in Italy | dates, work and musical influence
1706-1710 worked for prince Ferdinand medici, prince ruspoli and more absorbed Italian msical style and language that would influence his operas, oratrios and concertos
50
Handel in Hanover | dates and work
1710-1712 | kappelmeister to George ludiwg (later became king George 1)
51
Handel in London | dates, work, compositions, style
1712-1759 salary awarded by queen anne. had many other royal commissions and patrons including earl of Burlington, and duke of chandos composed: giulio Cesare, serse turned to writing oratorios and concertos as popularity of Italian opera faded
52
who did Handel work with in London
many leading singers of the day: incl Bordoni, cuzzoni
53
what did Handel co found and why
Royal Acaemy of Music to promote italian opera in london
54
when and where did Messiah premiere
1742 in Dublind, Ireland
55
Handels musical style
absorbed international styles of the day: german counterpoint, Italian opera, French overture used Homorhythmic and contrapuntal textures the use of basic elements made his style more accessible and appealing to the less-musical audience pageantry and dramatic style word painting
56
how did handel create a sense of pageantry and dramatic style
through grandiose gestures such as use of a full SATB chorus and bold contrast of dynamics
57
what genres did Handel compose for
operas: Almira, Nero, Serse, Giulio Cesare oratorios: Messiah, Israel in Egypt Sacred vocal works: Ta Deum keyboard works: organ, harpsichord orchestral works: Water Music chamber music.
58
Describe the end of Handels life
he started to go blind in his later years. | He never married but died wealthy.
59
``` Messiah genre: premiere date and place: librettist: Source of text: structure: ```
genre: oratorio premiere: 1742, Dublin Librettist: Charles Jennens source of text: biblical, old and new testament structure: 3 parts (1. prophecy of jesus coming, 2. christs suffering and death, 3. worlds redemption through faith)
60
Messiah | name 5 parts
``` overture there were shepherds-recitative glory to god-chorus Rejoice Greatly- da capo aria hallelujah- chorus ```
61
``` messiah-overture original title: genre: Form: Key: Time: ```
``` original title: Sinfony genre: French overture Form: A(repeated) B Key:E minor Time: C ```
62
``` Messiah- Overture A section tempo: texture: musical features ```
grave homophonic dotted rhythms, some performances 'double dot' dramatic, serious, majestic affection
63
``` Messiah overture B section tempo: texture: musical features ```
tempo: allegro moderato texture: polyphonic (fugal) 3 voices subject first introduced in the 1st violins and oboes. Tonal answer forward motion, energetic while maintain the majestic affection
64
name a recitative from the Messiah
there were shepherds....
65
``` there were shepherds secco or accompagnato? key tempo time sig ```
recitativo secco key: C major tempo: not indicated time: C
66
what is the genre of Glory to god from messiah?
chorus
67
``` glory to god (messiah) key tempo time texture musical features ```
``` D major allegro C alternates Homorhythmic and polyphonic uses many examples of word painting ```
68
what are some examples of word painting from the glory to god chorus in Messiah
'Glory to god in the highest and peace on earth" high is high and forte, while earth is low and piano
69
What is the genre of Rejoice Greatly from messiah?
da capo aria
70
``` rejoice greatly (messiah) key tempo time form ```
Bb major allegro c ABA1
71
``` rejoice greatly (messiah) describe each section ```
A section: extensive use of melisma. 'rejoice' continues on running sixteenth notes B Section: key changes to G minor contrasts the a section with a slower tempo, minor key, and calmer vocal line A section returns with ornamentation
72
what are some examples of word painting in rejoice greatly (messiah)
rejoice (melisma) -describes the joyfulness of the rejoicing | shout- sung on a high F, strong
73
``` Hallelujah (messiah) key tempo time sig texture ```
key: D minor tempo: allegro time: C texture: alternates homophonic and polyphonic
74
hallelujah chorus a)"hallelujah" b) "and he shall reign forever and ever" homo or poly phonic?
a) homophonic | b) polyphonic (imitative)
75
Hallelujah (messiah) | how is the climax created?
a rest- moment of silence before the final hallelujah and the timpani and trumpets add more intensity

Music History 1 (7 decks)

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