Classical Flashcards
1
Q
Where was Haydn born?
A
Rohrau, Austria
2
Q
Describe Hayden’s early life
A
Regular family, father was a wheel wright, mother was a cook
Talents recognized as a child, became choirboy at st Stephens in Vienna
Porpora only teacher, otherwise self taught
3
Q
Describe Haydns employment
A
Freelance musician in Vienna teaching, composing, accompanying, gaining patrons
Kapellmeister to a count and composed his first symphony
4
Q
Haydn dates
A
1732-1809
5
Q
1761 Haydn began employment where
A
Esterhazy family in Eisenstadt
6
Q
what were some of Haydns duties at the Esterhazy estate
A
eventually became Kapellmeister, supplied all music for court opera house, theatre and chapel
7
Q
When did Haydn begin employment with Esterhazy estate and where
A
1761, Eisenstadt
8
Q
while employed at esterhazy estate Haydn discovered…
A
his artistic voice and started to explore symphony, opera and string quartet composing
9
Q
Who was Haydn friends with
A
Mozart, dedicated string quartets to eachother
10
Q
who hired haydn for a series of concerts and where
A
Salomon, London
11
Q
who did Haydn teach in Vienna
A
Beethoven
12
Q
what award did haydn receive
A
honorary doctorate from oxford university
13
Q
what was performed when Haydn died
A
1809, mozartss requiem was performed at his funeral service
14
Q
what genres did Haydn compose for
A
104 symphonies- "London", "Surprise" String quartets - "Quinten" Oratorios- "The Creation", "The Seasons" operas- "Armida" piano sonatas concertos-piano, violin, etc. novelties - marionette theater works.
15
Q
name an opera by Haydn
A
Armida
16
Q
name a symphony by haydn
A
London Symphony
17
Q
name an oratorio by Haydn
A
The Creation
18
Q
Beethoven dates
A
1770-1827
19
Q
Where was Beethoven born?
A
Bonn, Germany
20
Q
did Beethoven come from a musical family?
A
Yes, his grandfather was Kapellmeister, his father was a singer and instrumentalist
21
Q
Who did Beethoven study with?
A
Composition with Neefe
22
Q
What work did Beethoven do in bonn?
A
organist and violinist in court orchestras
23
Q
Did Beethoven study with Mozart?
A
he traveled to Vienna to study with Mozart but his mother got sick and he had to return home
24
Q
What hardship did Beethoven have as a teenager?
A
He became financially responsible for his brothers while he was a teen
25
Who did Beethoven study with in Vienna?
Haydn, dedicated his first 3 piano sonatas to him
26
Name three patrons Beethoven attracted
Russians: Lobkowitz, Lochnowsky, Rasumovsky
27
what are some cities Beethoven played solo concerts in ?
Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin
28
What hardships did Beethoven face in his twenties?
He began to lose his hearing, he contemplated suicide- wrote heiligenstadt to his brothers
29
What moto did Beethoven believe in ?
the moto of the French revolution- liberte, egalite, fraternite
30
who did Beethoven dedicate a symphony to but then later remove the dedication?
Napoleon, he admired him but they grew disillusioned and he removed his name from the dedication of Symphony no 3 Eroica
31
Describe beethovens final years
became totally deaf, lived in isolation and became withdrawn and anti-social
32
Describe Beethovens musical contributions
developed sonata, concerto and symphony
transformed virtually every genre he touched
replaced minuet and trio with scherzo (sym no 5)
used cyclical structure (sym no 5)
included chorus and soloists in the symphony (sym no 9)
incorporated new instrumentation- piccolo, trombone, contrabassoon
33
What instruments did Beethoven use for the first time
piccolo, trombone, contrabassoon
34
What genres did Beethoven write for
solo piano, ex Sonata Pathetique, Moonlight Sonata
9 symphonies- Eroica (no 3), pastoral (no 6) Choral (no 9)
concertos- emperor piano concerto
orchestral works
chamber music
vocal works
opera: Fidelio
35
Describe Beethovens musical style
Bold innovator, highly original
transforming genres
explosive accents, dynamic contrasts
thematic material often grows out of short, incisive motives
wrote based on programmatic elements -(sym no 6, moonlight sonata)
36
Describe Beethovens Early Period
| and name a composition from this period
1782-1802
classical style traits, inherited from Haydn and Mozart ex Sonata form
Symphonies 1&2, first 10 piano sonatas
37
Describe Beethovens Middle period
| and name a composition from this period
1803-1815
Displays more romantic elements, ex chromaticism, unusual modulations
symphonies 3-8, Fidelio, emperor piano concerto
38
describe Beethovens Late period
| and name a composition from this period
1816-1827
more abstract and meditative
used counterpoint, including fugal writing- Baroque quality
Symphony no. 9- Choral
39
Mozart dates:
1756-1791
40
Where was Mozart born?
Salzburg, Austria
41
Did Mozart have a musical family
His father was a highly esteemed violinist, court musician, and composer
42
Describe Mozart early life
Child prodigy.
Virtuoso harpsichordist, piano, organ, violin and composer
Toured with his father performing, often with his sister maria anna
43
What did Mozart receive in Italy?
Two diplomas from the academia filharmonica
44
What happened to Mozart in 1778
His mother died on tour with him in Paris
45
What did Mozart do in 1781
Moved to Vienna
46
When did Mozart move to Vienna?
1781
47
Who did Mozart become friends with?
Haydn, they dedicated several string quartets to each other
48
Who is Mozart wife?
Constanze Weber -opera singer
49
How many children did Mozart have?
6 only 2 survived.
50
what was Mozart of member of?
joined the Order of Freemasons secret society
51
what happened to Mozart in 1786
successful premiere of Marriage of Figaro
52
when did marriage of Figaro premiere
1786
53
who is the librettist of marriage of figaro
Lorenzo da ponte
54
who impressed Mozart?
young Beethoven ,in 1787
55
when did Mozart see Beethoven perform?
1787
56
mozarts musical contributions:
explored, advanced and developed virtually all classical genres
contributed to the development of sonata form
contributed to establishment of 3 movement concerto structure
contributed to three main types of opera: opera seria, operea buffa, singspiel
57
Mozarts musical style:
Viennese classical ideals: elegance, balance, refinement, sophistication
used mainly symmetrical phrase structures (seen in his sonatas)
balanced diatonic and chromatic elements
influenced by Manheim orchestra, expanded use of wind instruments
58
name an opera seria by mozart
idomeneo (Italian opera)
59
name an opera buffa by mozart
the Marriage of Figaro (Italian comic opera)
60
name a singspiel by Mozart
The magic flute (german comic opera)
61
who is Ludwig van kochel
catalogued mozarts works
62
what genres did Mozart compose for?
```
symphonies- ie Jupiter
concertos-piano, violin, oboe...
chamber music: string quartets, trios, quintets, serenades-ie eine kleine nachtmusik
solo piano: sonatas, fantasias
operas: don Giovanni
vocal works ie requiem mass
```
63
```
Quinten 4th movement- Haydn
genre
date
key
form
tempo
time sig
```
```
string quartet
1797
D minor- ends in D major
sonata form
vivace assai
2/4
```
64
quinten 4th mvmnt
| Exposition
```
1st theme- violin, p
pronounced syncopation and unexpected fermatas arrest th forward drive
joyful, upbeat, yet dark in a minor key
bridge
secon theme- relative major, F major
descending sequence, double stop thirds, descending leaps
abrupt dynamic changes
codetta- supportd by tonic pedal point
```
65
quinten 4th mvmnt
| development
based on second theme.
shifts from homophonic to polyphonic with imitation
dominant preparation- first violins outline dim 7th chord
66
quinten 4th movement
| recapitulation
theme 1 returns in d minor but shifts unexpectedly to D major
everything restated in D major
cello is absent towards the end, creating more open, airy sound
coda- rapid triplets, ends with unison arpeggios played FF
67
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
date
genre
performing forces
1787
Serenade for strings
double string quartet or string orchestra
68
```
Eine Kleine
1st movement
key
tempo
time
form
```
g major
allegro
4/4
sonata form
69
eine kleine 1st movement
| describe the exposition
opens with the famous, recognizable rocket theme
1st THEME melody line has a homophonic texture.
BRIDGE modulates into D major
2ND THEME contrasts the first theme with piano dynamic. features triplets. second part features repeated staccato eighth note figure.
CODETTA all instruments briefly play I unison again, perfect cadence in Dmajor
70
eine kleine 1st movement
| describe the development
short,
| shifts into C major.
71
eine kleine 1st movement
| describe the recapitulation
begins exactly the same as the exposition. But second theme is now in the tonic key G major
CODA similar to the codetta of the exposition but grows further.
72
```
eine kleine second movement
key
form
tempo
time
```
C major
rondo form (ABACA)(with coda)
andante
Cut time
73
eine kleine second movement
| describe each section
lyrical, and elegant.
shows mozarts balance with clear cut cadences and 4 measure phrases (rounded binary within this section)
B SECTION
more rhythmically acive, embellished melodic line
C SECTION
moves to C minor
imitative dialogue in outer voices, with repeated sixteenth notes in the inner voices
CODA
based on A section material
gentle close
74
```
eine kleine 3rd mvment
key
form
tempo
time signature
```
G major
ABA (menuet and trio)
allegretto
3/4
75
eine kleine 3rd movement
| describe the menuet
again, mozart uses 4 measure phrases
robus character, F
dance like quality created through rhythmic accentuation
76
eine kleine 3rd movement
| describe the trio
D major
marked sotto voce, more lyrical than the menuet with legato lines
more chromatic inflections than the menuet
77
```
eine kleine 4th movement
key
form
tempo
time
```
G major
sonata-rondo
allegro
C time
78
eine klein3 4th movement
| describe the two theme
first theme: light hearted, opens with a rocket theme
| second theme: downward turn of minor sixth, uses some chromatic embellishments
