Basal Ganglia anatomy Flashcards
What 5 parts make up the Basal Ganglia
Caudate
Putamen
Substantianigra
Subthalamic Nucleus
Globus Pallidus
What is the Striatum made up of?
Caudate and Putamen
What is the Caudate and Putamen referred to as?
The main input nuclei
Where does the basal ganglia receive its information from?
Cerebral cortex
What are the Globus Pallidus and Substantianigria referred to as?
The main output nuclei
Where does the basal ganglia send its information
Cerebral cortex via thalamus or brainstem
What is the main inhibitory output of the basal ganglia?
outputs from the globus pallidus inhibiting the thalamus to prevent unwanted movements
what does the basal ganglia direct pathway do?
silences neurons in the Globus pallidus freeing the thalamus from the inhibitory effect
what does the basal ganglia indirect pathway do?
increases suppression of unwanted movements
What do microglia cells do in the brain?
act as macrophages (respond to inflammation / damage)
What is the most common glial cell found in the brain?
Astrocytes (highly specialised depending on location within brain)
What do astrocytes do in the brain?
help transmission of information and control immune response of brain.
What do oligodendrocytes form and do?
Myelin sheets on the nerve axons which speed up transmission
What are the 3 common neurotransmitters found in the brain?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Noradrenaline
What is Sertonin’s main output site and what does it do?
Raphe nucleus
Arousal, Sensory processing, Mood, Emotion
