Basal Ganglia Wk3

Question 1

Basal Ganglia continually monitors the

Answer 1

cerebral cortex

Question 2

Basal ganglia has 2 pathways

Answer 2

Direct and indirect

Question 3

Direct pathway

Answer 3

promotes mmt

Question 4

Indirect pathway

Answer 4

Inhibits mmt

Question 5

5 nuclei in thalamus & internal capsule

Answer 5

• Caudate
• Putamen
• Globus pallidus (GP)
• Substantia nigra (SN)
• Subthalamic nucleus

Question 6

Lentiform nucleus =

Answer 6

putamen, globus pallidus

Question 7

Striatum /neostriatum =

Answer 7

caudate, putamen (input
region)

Question 8

Corpus striatum =

Answer 8

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

Question 9

What are the 3 types of nuclei

Answer 9

input, output, intrinsic

Question 10

4 basic basal circuits

Answer 10

1. A skeletomotor loop
2. An oculomotor loop
3. A prefrontal cortex loop
   4 . A limbic loop

Question 11

Skeletomotor loop

Answer 11

control of facial, limb and trunk musculature

Question 12

Oculomotor loop

Answer 12

Control of saccadic eye movements

Question 13

Prefrontal cortex loop

Answer 13

Role in cognition & executive behavioural functions

Question 14

Limbic loop

Answer 14

Participates in motivational regulation of behaviour and emotions

Question 15

Caudate nucleus

Answer 15

frontal cortex and substania nigra

Question 16

Putamen =

Answer 16

Frontal, parietal, & temporal cortex,
substantia nigra

Question 17

What are the output nuclei

Answer 17

Globus pallidus (internal)
- Thalamus
Substantia nigra (pars reticular)
- Superior colliculi
Ventral pallidum
- Thalamus

Question 18

What is the input nuclei

Answer 18

caudate nucleus (eye mmt control & cognition) and putamen (control of limb, trunk mmt)

Question 19

Input (striatum) oes to output nuclei

Answer 19

and then to thalamus and brainstem where it produces mmot in frontal lobe- direct path

Question 20

Superior colliculus

Answer 20

– controls saccadic eye
movements

Question 21

What is intrinsic nuclei?

Answer 21

Globus pallidus (external)
Subthalamic nuclei
*Substantia nigra (pars compacta)
*Ventral tegmental area

Question 22

Describe the limbic loop

Answer 22

Amygdala/hippoc./cingulate/temp/frontalorbital –> ventral striatum –> ventral pallidum –> thalamus –> cingulate & front orbital cortex

Question 23

Describe the prefrontal cortex loop

Answer 23

Frontal –> anterior caudate –> globus pallidus (int)/SN (retic) –> thalamus

Question 24

Describe the oculomotor loop

Answer 24

Post parietal –> caudate –> globus pallidus (int)/SN (retic) –> thalamus

Question 25

Describe the skeletomotor loop

Answer 25

Motor cortex --> putamen --> lat Globus pallidus (int) --> thalamus

Question 26

Ballism and hemiballism is from

Answer 26

Destruction of the subthalamic nucleus and it is the violent movement of arms