Basal nuclei

Question 1

C-shaped mass closely related to the lateral ventricles and lies lateral to the thalamus

Answer 1

Caudate nucleus

Question 2

Wedge shaped part buried deep in the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere

Answer 2

Lentiform nucleus

Question 3

Inner and lighter part of the lentiform nucleus

Has high concentration of myelinated nerve fibers

Answer 3

Globes pallidus

Question 4

Larger, darker and outer part of the lentiform nucleus which is continuous with the caudate nucleus

Answer 4

Putamen

Question 5

Situated in the temporal lobe close to the uncus
Considered as part of the limbic system
Can influence the body’s response to environmental changes

Answer 5

Amygdaloid nucleus

Question 6

Thin sheet of gray matter

Answer 6

Claustrum

Question 7

Caudate nucleus + lentiform nucleus

Answer 7

Corpus striatum

Question 8

Globus pallidus + Putamen

Answer 8

Lentiform nucleus

Question 9

Caudate nucleus + Putamen

Answer 9

Neostratium

Question 10

Most rostral part of the brain which is formed by caudate nucleus and lentiform nuclei

Answer 10

Telencephalon

Question 11

Part of the midbrain
Neurons from here are dopaminergic and inhibitory
Has many connections to corpus striatum

Answer 11

Substantial nigra

Question 12

Part of the diencephalon

Neurons here are glutaminergic and excitatory

Answer 12

Subthalamic nuclei

Question 13

Give the functions of the basal nuclei

Answer 13

1. Regulates voluntary movements and learning motor skills
2. Controls muscular movements by influencing the cerebral cortex
3. Controls muscle tone
4. Cognitive functions

Question 14

Main sites for receiving input to the basal nuclei

Answer 14

Caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 15

Main site from which output leaves the basal nuclei

Answer 15

Globes pallidus

Question 16

Afferent fiber of the corpus striatum
Glutamate
Excitatory
Projects from cerebral cortex
Leads to Putamen and caudate nucleus

Answer 16

Corticostriate fibers

Question 17

Inhibitory afferent fibers

Answer 17

Nigrostriate and brainstem striatal fibers

Question 18

Projects from the caudate nucleus and Putamen

Answer 18

Efferent fibers

Question 19

Efferent fiber of the corpus striatum
GABA
Projects to globes pallidus

Answer 19

Striatopallidal fibers

Question 20

Efferent fibers of corpus striatum
GABA and Acetylcholine Substance P
Projects to substantia nigra

Answer 20

Striatonigral fibers

Question 21

Excitatory pathway
Increase in motor activity
Facilitates purposeful behavior and ongoing movement

Answer 21

Direct pathway

Question 22

Inhibitory pathway
Via the subthalamic nucleus
Inhibits unwanted movements

Answer 22

Indirect pathway

Question 23

Fan shaped collection of nerve fibers
Comprised of afferent and efferent fibers of the cortex going to the brainstem
Becomes the internal capsule once it passes to the basal nuclei

Answer 23

Corona radiate

Question 24

Excessive and abnormal body movements

Answer 24

Hyperkinetic disorders

Question 25

Lack or slowness of movement

Answer 25

Hypokinetic disorders

Question 26

Involuntary body movement caused by basal nuclei lesions

Answer 26

Dyskinesia

Question 27

Decreased body movement caused by basal nuclei lesions

Answer 27

Hypokinesia

Question 28

Type of dyskinesia Slow, sinuous, writhing movement Caused by the degeneration of the globus pallidus

Answer 28

Athetosis

Question 29

Violent, random flinging of the limb Involves only one side of the body Caused by a lesion in the subthalamic nucleus

Answer 29

Ballism/hemiballismus

Question 30

Quick, jerky, irregular, non-repetitive movement

Answer 30

Chorea

Question 31

Shaking movement of the head and extremities

Answer 31

Tremors

Question 32

Tremor of the hand when the wrist is extended

Answer 32

Asterixis

Question 33

Sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures

Answer 33

Dystonia

Question 34

Caused by degeneration of caudate nucleus and putamen Dopamine-secreting neurons of substantia nigra becomes overactive, causing the nigrastriatal pathway to inhibit the caudate-Putamen complex

Answer 34

Huntington's disease

Question 35

Progressive disease characterized by the degeneration of the neurons of the substantia nigra Results in the reduction of dopamine

Answer 35

Parkinson's disease

Question 36

Collection of gray matter situated deep within hemisphere Has an important role in posture and voluntary movement Has no direct input or output connects with spinal cord Modifies motor movements by influencing the lower motor neurons

Answer 36

Basal nuclei