Basal Nuclei

Question 1

most rostral (anterior; closest to the nasal or oral region) part of the brain

Answer 1

Telencephalon

Question 2

Parts of Telencephalon

Answer 2

Cerebral cortex
Basal nuclei
Hippocampus

Question 3

located in the midbrain

Answer 3

Substantia nigra

Question 4

located in the diencephalon

Answer 4

Subthalamic nuclei

Question 5

Mass of gray matter within each cerebral hemisphere

Answer 5

Basal Nuclei

Question 6

No direct input or output connections with the spinal cord; instead, the basal nuclei are linked to related parts of the brain through connection fibers (both afferent and efferent

Answer 6

Basal Nuclei

Question 7

Can be found lateral to the thalamus and deeper into the cranium compared to the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 7

Basal Nuclei

Question 8

Major parts of Basal Nuclei

Answer 8

Corpus striatum
Amygdaloid nucleu
Claustrum

Question 9

Formed by the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus; Located lateral to the thalamus

Answer 9

Corpus striatum

Question 10

separates the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

Answer 10

Internal capsule

Question 11

Parts of the internal capsule

Answer 11

Anterior crus
Genu
Posterior crus

Question 12

Parts of the internal capsule:

located lateral to the head of the caudate nucleus

Answer 12

Anterior crus

Question 13

Part of the internal capsule:

point of convergence of the anterior and posterior crura

Answer 13

Genu

Question 14

Part of the internal capsule:

located medial to the lentiform nucleus, in particular the internal capsule of the globus pallidus

Answer 14

Posterior crus

Question 15

Caudate nucleus and putamen

Answer 15

Neostriatum/striatum

Question 16

C-shaped mass of gray matter closely related to the lateral ventricles and found lateral to the thalamus

Answer 16

Caudate nucleus

Question 17

Parts of the caudate nucleus

Answer 17

Head
Body
Tail

Question 18

Part of the caudate nucleus:

Large, rounded; Forms the lateral wall of the anterior limb of internal capsule; Continuous with putamen inferiorly

Answer 18

Head

Question 19

Part of the caudate nucleus:

Long, narrow; Continuous with the head at the interventricular foramen; Forms part of the floor of lateral ventricle

Answer 19

Body

Question 20

Part of the caudate nucleus:

Long, slender; Continuous with posterior end of thalamus; Terminates anteriorly at amygdaloid nucleus

Answer 20

Tail

Question 21

Wedge-shaped mass of gray matter buried deep into the white matter of cerebral hemispheres

Related medially to the internal capsule

Separated into portions by a thin layer of white matter

Answer 21

Lentiform nucleus

Question 22

Parts of lentiform nucleus

Answer 22

PUTAmen

Globus pallidus

Question 23

Part of lentiform nucleus:

Larger, darker, and more lateral portion; Continuous with the caudate nucleus

Answer 23

putamen

Question 24

Part of lentiform nucleus:

Lighter, more medial portion; Paleness is due to the high concentration of myelinated nerve fibers

Answer 24

Globus pallidus

Question 25

At temporal lobe close to the uncus; Part of the limbic system; Can influence bodily response to environmental changes

Answer 25

Amygdaloid Nucleus

Question 26

Thin sheet of gray matter separating the external capsule from the white matter of insula Bound by the external capsule medially and the extreme capsule laterally Function unknown

Answer 26

Claustrum

Question 27

Extrapyramidal System:

Answer 27

Basal Nucleus Substantia Nigra Subthalamic Nucleus Red Nucleus

Question 28

Functions of the Basal Nuclei:

Answer 28

Motor movement development and regulation Muscle tone and posture Cognition in relation to movement

Question 29

Part of the midbrain; With dopaminergic and inhibitory neurons; Have many connections with corpus striatum

Answer 29

Substantia Nigra

Question 30

Part of the diencephalon; With glutaminergic and excitatory neurons; With many connections to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra

Answer 30

Subthalamic Nucleus

Question 31

Connection fibers

Answer 31

Afferent fibers | Efferent fibers

Question 32

Types of afferent fibers

Answer 32

Corticoastriatal fibers Thalamostriate fibers Nigostriate fibers Brainstem striatal fibers

Question 33

Types of afferent fiber: Largest input: sensory-motor complex of the same side of the cortex; Most of the projections are from the cortex of the same side.

Answer 33

Corticoastrial fibers

Question 34

Glutamate release

Answer 34

excitatory

Question 35

from the corpus striatum to the indicated parts

Answer 35

Efferent fiber