Baseline Knowledge Assesment

Question 1

Define natural hazard

Answer 1

A natural event that threatens people or has potential to cause damage destruction or death

Question 2

What is the outer layer of the earth called

Answer 2

The earths crust

Question 3

What do we call a piece of the earths crust

Answer 3

Plate

Question 4

Which type of plate boundery is caused when plates scrape past each other + example

Answer 4

Conservative plate, San Andreas fault zone

Question 5

What scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes

Answer 5

Richter scale

Question 6

What piece of equipment is used to record the power of earthquakes and what does it produce

Answer 6

A seismometer that converts vibrations into electrical signals

Question 7

What do Hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons have in commen

Answer 7

They are all natural hazards

Question 8

Where are the main location of tropical storms across the world

Answer 8

Between 5-30 degrees latitude

Question 9

What will the immediate impact of typhoon haiyan

Answer 9

One damaged 1.1 million houses
to flooding
three destruction of food sources such as crops

Question 10

What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming

Answer 10

Greenhouse effect is a natural cause global warming is a human course

Question 11

Which for gases are most responsible for global warming

Answer 11

Water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane

Question 12

What were the causes of the extreme weather events known as the beast from the east

Answer 12

Catastrophic warning weakened the set stream , cold air from russia

Question 13

What is the difference between Mitigation and adapting in relation to climate change

Answer 13

Adaptation is adjusting to the future effects of climate change mitigation is preventing or reducing emissions to make Impacts less severe

Question 14

What are two major effects of climate change

Answer 14

More extreme weather, sealevels rising

Question 15

What is the term for where a river begins

Answer 15

The source

Question 16

What is the term for when 2 rivers meet

Answer 16

A confluence

Question 17

What is the term for a small stream it joins the main river together

Answer 17

Tributary

Question 18

Name for processes of erosion that take place in a river

Answer 18

Traction, saltation, suspension, solution

Question 19

What are 4 processes with a river can transport materials

Answer 19

Traction, saltation, suspension, solution

Question 20

What is the thalweg on a river

Answer 20

The fastest channel flow

Question 21

Does water flow fastest on the inside or outside of a meander

Answer 21

Outside

Question 22

Describe the formation of a waterfall

Answer 22

The hard rock band on top of the soft rock is more resistant the plunge pool is created from hydraulic action of the river the soft rock around at the bottom creating a bigger plunge pool from attrition the hard-rock is now unsupported and retreats creating a gorge

Question 23

What is the name given to the point where land meets the sea

Answer 23

Coast

Question 24

What is the difference between a destructive and constructive waves today

Answer 24

Constructive- Builds beaches , strong swash and week backswash
Destructive-Erodes week swash strong backwash

Question 25

What is the name of the process by which waves move material along the beach

Answer 25

Longshore drift

Question 26

What is it discordant coastline

Answer 26

Made of hard rock and soft rock bands

Question 27

What are the main landforms created by the sea of the discordant coastline

Answer 27

Headland and bays

Question 28

What is the difference between hard and soft engineering when defending the coastline from erosion

Answer 28

Hard involves building of artificial structures to defend soft is a more natural approach the sea defences

Question 29

Define ecosystem

Answer 29

Community were biotic and abiotic things all interact

Question 30

What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors

Answer 30

Biotic is living things ( plants and bacteria ) Abiotic is non living things ( climate and soil )

Question 31

What is the difference between a food chain and a food web

Answer 31

Chain only shows one part where as food webs shows all interactions

Question 32

What is a primary consumer

Answer 32

Eat plant materials

Question 33

Describe the location of the earths remaining rainforests

Answer 33

Between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn mostly in Brazil South America (amazon) second main is in Congo called Congo basin both surround the equator

Question 34

What plant adaptations are on leaves and why are they needed

Answer 34

Drip tips on leaves allow for water to flow off and a waxy cuticle which can also shared heavy rainfall which is perfect for rainforest conditions

Question 35

What are the use of butress roots

Answer 35

They give a strong and stable base for a treat to ensure it can grow to photosynthesise in the canopy

Question 36

Where does the word tundra get its name from

Answer 36

The word tunturia which means barren/treeless land

Question 37

What is the permafrost and what challenges does it cause in cold environments like Alaska

Answer 37

Permafrost is the layer of ice that has been frozen for more than two years due to climate change it is thawing Which means the ice is melting . roads/infrastructure built upon the permafrost are beginning to sink as the ice becomes water causing the ground to give way which is dangerous and causes construction issues and many villages to uncontrollably sink