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**SLP Audiology > Basic Acoustics and Psychoacoustics > Flashcards

Basic Acoustics and Psychoacoustics Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

______ is the study of the physics of sound

A

acoustics

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2
Q

_______ is the study of the experience of sound

A

psychoacoustics

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3
Q

Describe vibration:

A

Molecules are pushed together (condensation) and pulled apart (rarefaction).

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4
Q

Describe how sound waves occur:

A

Molecules are pushed together and pulled apart this movement is passed to adjacent molecules. This succession of movement forms waves.

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5
Q

What two properties can characterize sound:

A

Frequency

Intensity

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6
Q

T or F: Frequency is a physical measure while pitch is the psychoacoustic correlate

A

True

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7
Q

Define Frequency:

A

The number of complete oscillations of a vibrating body per one second. Measured in Hz

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8
Q

T or F: Pitch is the same with or without human perception.

A

False - Frequency is the same but pitch requires perception

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9
Q

__________Hz is the human frequency range.

A

20-20000 Hz

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10
Q

What animal has the frequency range closest to humans?

A

Chinchilla

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11
Q

_________ frequency is the lowest frequency in a complex sound

A

fundemental frequency

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12
Q

________ are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency.

A

harmonics

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13
Q

Complex sounds consist of __________

A

2 or more tones of different frequencies occuring at the same time

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14
Q

_______= power / area

A

Intensity

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15
Q

_______ is measured in W/msquared and is the amount of sound per unit of area

A

Intensity

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16
Q

Intensity is a _______ measure while _______ is the psychoacoustic measure

A

physical

loudness

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17
Q

What unit is loudness measured in?

A

phon (a subjective measure) - often how we perceive loudness depends on our experiences

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18
Q

Intensity is the same with or without human perception and is measured in _____

A

decibels

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19
Q

The range of the auditory system is ______ dB

A

0 - 140dB

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20
Q

Decibels are expressed as a ratio of a measured sound pressure to a _______

A

reference point

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21
Q

SPL stands for _______

A

Sound Pressure Level

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22
Q

What is the reference level for dB SPL?

A

0.0002 dynes/cm squared

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23
Q

HL stands for ______

A

Hearing level

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24
Q

What is hearing level and how was it calculated?

A

HL is the average hearing performance. A large group of uni students determined the softest level of sound they could detect. This sound was 0 dB HL

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25
What is the reference for dB HL?
Lowest SPL the average adult can detect
26
To convert from dB HL to dB SPL you _____ the conversion
add
27
To convert from dB SPL to DB HL you _____ the conversion
subtract
28
What does SL stand for?
Sensation Level
29
What is the reference for dB SL?
The auditory threshold of a specific individual.
30
________ is the number of dB of a sound above the level where the person can just barely hear.
dB SL
31
T or F: Normal conversation occurs at 40 to 45 dB SPL
False - Normal converstion occurs at 40 to 45 dB HL or 60 to 65 dB SPL
32
The tuning for test, tests____________
tests air and bone conduction
33
The tuning fork can quantify ______ but not ______
frequency but not intensity
34
List three disadvantages of the tuning fork:
1) Cannot control the test ear 2) Many people won't hear it 3) Cannot control intensity
35
Review textbook on 4 types of tuning fork tests. . .
I know :(
36
What are 5 possible purposes of a hearing screening:
1) identify people with potential hearing problems 2) identify people in need of referral 3) collect data 4) provide education opportunity 5) Promote good hearing health
37
List three thing Hearing screening don't do:
1) Identify type of hearing loss 2) Identify degree of hearing loss 3) Provide accurate individual ear information
38
T or F: At a hearing screening we should screen the hearing of someone who uses a hearing aid
False - hearing screening only identify if there is hearing loss, someone using a hearing aid already knows they have hearing loss.
39
__________ is perhaps more important than the hearing screening itself
Ensuring follow up services
40
A false positive hit rate is when the screening indicates ______________________
a potential problem and there isn't one
41
A false negative hit rate is when the screening indicates _____________________
no potential problem and the person has hearing loss
42
Too many false positives ___________ while too many false negatives _____________.
fatigue the referral system | make the program useless
43
Ideally we want a screening protocol that has a _____ hit rate.
high
44
T or F: After a hearing screening you should say that their hearing is normal.
false - never say hearing is normal based on a screening tell them to get it checked if they are concerned.
45
What terms do we use instead of pass or fail in a hearing screening?
Pass or refer
46
List the two phases of a pure tone hearing screeing:
Training Phase and Test Phase
47
What is the point of the training phase?
To make sure the person understands the instructions
48
At what frequency and intensity is the training phase done at?
1000Hz | 60 dB HL
49
Describe the test phase:
- Limited # of freq. selected - Specific intensity level identified - ears are screened separately - 3 presentation of each frequency
50
What frequencies and intensity is the test phase done at?
1000, 2000, 4000 Hz | 25 DB HL (occasionally 40 dB HL for Geriatric and 20 dB HL for paediatric)
51
If the person responds to 2/3 of each freq. screened the person passes if they don't respond to 2/3 of each frequency they are _______
referred
52
Why don't we test 250 and 500HZ in a hearing screening?
Hearing screenings take place in an uncontrolled test situation and these frequencies are hard to hear in that environment.
53
Why don't we screen higher frequencies (6000, 8000 etc.)?
They are more difficult to keep in calibration | They are lost more easily with inaccurate headphone placement.
54
Why might someone not respond during a hearing screening? (lots of reasons)
- machine not turned on / no sound being produced - client didn't understand or forgot the instruction - client is faking - client is non-compliant - headphones aren't positioned correctly - too much background noise - client distracted - OR Client didn't hear
55
Why might someone respond during a hearing screening?
- Randomly responding - Watching non-verbals or button pushing of tester - Long periods of silence makes them nervous/ think they heard a sound - OR Client heard the sound
56
In a false positive response pattern . . .
The client indicates they heard a tone when they didn't
57
In a false negative response pattern. . .
The client doesn't indicate they heard a tone but they did
58
When conducting a hearing screening it is important to become familiar with the equipment. The attenuator dial could also be called the ______ dial.
dB
59
What are important considerations when determining the chair placement during a screening?
- make sure they can't see you pushing the button or read the facial cues - face away from distractions, in a quiet place
60
When placing the headphones during a hearing screening make sure to _________, _________, _______ and orient with the red on the ________ .
approach from the front remove obstructions tighten after the headphone is in place right ear of the client
61
During a hearing screening instructions should be _____, _______ and _______. Make sure to check back with the client and allow time for _______.
short, simple and clear | questions
62
T or F: Getting a case history is just as important as the actual hearing test if not more so.
True
63
_________ provide enormous amounts of information in a minimal amount of time and can be compared with test results for consistency.
case histories
64
What are two main things a case history provides?
1) Information about the client (What they say, don't say, how they act, how they answer) 2) Chance to establish a Rapport (gain trust, gauge support system)
65
What are two formats for obtaining a case history?
1) Interview (done by audiologist or support staff) | 2) Form (client fills it out)
66
The type of appointment influences the type of information needed. In a diagnostic appointment ________ info is more important but in a rehabilitative appointment ________ info is more useful
medical | situational (communication, family perspective)
67
Who should you interview?
- the client (even children) | - Parents, caregiver, significant other
68
Describe a casual or informal interview style:
Rarely ask direct or specific questions, take few notes during the interview, notes are made later
69
Describe an authoritarian or formal interview style:
Ask simple, direct, highly specific questions. Write as you go.
70
Basic components of an interview should include:
``` hearing info, health, screening results noise exposure listening issues, situations amplification history For children: developmental info, language milestones, caregivers and family history ```

**SLP Audiology (6 decks)

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