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Ling 314 > Basic Anatomy > Flashcards

Basic Anatomy Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three main anatomical planes?

A
  • Coronal (Frontal)
  • Sagittal
  • Transverse
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2
Q

What are the orientations of the coronal plane?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
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3
Q

What are the orientations of the sagittal plane?

A
  • Medial
  • Lateral
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4
Q

What are the orientations of the transverse plane?

A
  • Superior
  • Inferior
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5
Q

What is the Frankfurt plane?

A

The anatomical position of the human skull

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6
Q

Where does the Frankfurt plane pass through?

A

Plane passing through inferior margin of the left orbit and the upper margin of each ear canal

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7
Q

What are six relative orientations?

A
  • proximal
  • distal
  • ventral
  • dorsal
  • rostral
  • caudal
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8
Q

What does proximal refer to?

A

towards centre/body/“root”

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9
Q

What does distal refer to?

A

away from centre/body/“root”

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10
Q

What does ventral refer to?

A

towards the belly

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11
Q

What does dorsal refer to?

A

towards back (dorsal fin on the back)

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12
Q

What does rostral refer to?

A

towards the beak/nose

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13
Q

What does caudal refer to?

A

towards the tail

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14
Q

On bipeds, which anatomical orientations are nearly equivalent?

A
  • posterior/dorsal
  • anterior/ventral
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15
Q

On bipeds, what does the rostral/caudal plane look like?

A

curved (see image 1.1)

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16
Q

What anatomical orientation is behind the rostral/caudal plane?

A

drosal

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17
Q

What anatomical orientation is in front the rostral/caudal plane?

A

ventral

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18
Q

What is tissue?

A

Cells within a matrix with a similar structure that perform a common function

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19
Q

What is a matrix?

A

Intercellular material that differs tissue to tissue

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20
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Nervous (chapter 3)
  • Muscular (chapter 4)
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21
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

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A

Tightly packed cells with very little matrix

22
Q

What is composed of epithelial tissue?

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A
  • body’s surface
  • small tubes and ducts in the body
  • lining of hollow organs and cavities
23
Q

What are the function of epithelial tissue?

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A
  • Protection
  • Absorption & filtration
  • Excretions & secretion
  • Sensation
24
Q

What are the cell shapes of epithelial tissue?

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A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
25
What is squamous epithelial tissue?
- a single layer of cells (skin) - looks like outside brick work
26
What are the number of layer epithelial tissue has?
- simple - stratifies
27
What is connective tissue?
Cells with more matrix than cellular material
28
What are some of the types of different connective tissue?
- fibrous (ex. ligaments, tendons) - cartilage - bone - blood - adipose tissue (a.k.a fat!)
29
What is the matrix of bone?
salts
30
What is the matrix of blood?
water
31
What are the functions of connective tissue?
- Fixation & support - Protection - Energy reserve - Transportation of fluids and other substances
32
What is fibrous connective tissue?
Strong, dense, highly organized fibres
33
What does fibrous connective tissue contain?
- collagen (structure, strength, flexibility) - elastin (stretch, recoil, flexibility)
34
What are tendons?
connect muscle to bone or muscles to structures
35
What are ligaments?
connect bone to cartilage, cartilage to bone, cartilage to cartilage
36
What function do tendons serve?
move the bone or structure
37
What is aponeurosis?
A broad, sheet-like tendon composed of many layers
38
What parts of the body are covered by aponeurosis?
- muscles - top of the head - diaphragm - lines of six pack
39
What is the function of aponeurosis?
A muscle attachment to move the bone or structure
40
What is the function of ligaments?
To hold structures together and keep them stable
41
Are ligaments slightly elastic?
yes, they stretch under tension
42
What is the anatomical name bones?
osseous
43
What are the anatomical names for cartilage?
- cartilaginous - chondral
44
What is the muscle name composition?
origin-insertion
45
What is the origin?
the part that does not move when muscle contracts
46
What is the insertion?
the part that does move when muscle contracts
47
What is temporal resolution?
Number of samples per unit of time
48
What is spatial resolution?
Amount of information per sample
49
When to use temporal resolution?
When trying to find out the WHEN
50
When to use spatial resolution?
When trying to find out the WHY

Ling 314 (10 decks)

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