Basic & Applied Science - Assessments

Question 1

What information can be provided to the health and fitness professional by knowing the client’s occupation

Answer 1

Common movement patterns

Question 2

What is the waist-to-hip ratio for males and females that puts them at a greater risk for disease

Answer 2

A ratio greater than 0.95 - for males and greater than 0.80 for females

Question 3

Feedback that provides information about the quality of the movement during exercise

Answer 3

Knowledge of performance

Question 4

During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a client’s shoulder elevates

Answer 4

Middle/ lower Trapezius

Question 5

A force that produces rotation

Answer 5

Torque

Question 6

What is the functonal unit of the nervous system

Answer 6

Neuron

Question 7

Compensations observed during the Overhead Squat assessment from the lateral view

Answer 7

low back arches, excessive forward lean arms fall forward

Question 8

What muscles action develops when a muscle exerts more force than is placed on it, resulting in the shorting of the muscle

Answer 8

Concentric

Question 9

Name the lengthened muscles associated with lower crossed syndrome

Answer 9

Anterior tibialis, posterior tibialis, glueus maximus, dluteus medius, transversus abdominis, and internal oblique

Question 10

Compensation observed during the overhead squat assessment from the anterior view

Answer 10

feet turn out and knees move inward

Question 11

which muscles have decreased neural control once a client has had an ankle sprain

Answer 11

gluteus maximus and gluteus medius

Question 12

what are the three support mechanisms of blood

Answer 12

transportation, regulation and protection

Question 13

feedback used after the completion of movement to help inform clients about the outcome of their performance

Answer 13

knowledge of results

Question 14

receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscles and the rate of that change

Answer 14

muscle spindles

Question 15

what are the probable underactive muscles when a client’s arm fall forward during an overhead squat assessment

Answer 15

middle/lower trapezius, rhombolds, rotator cuff

Question 16

during an overhead squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when a the client’s arm falls forward

Answer 16

latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major/minor

Question 17

Risk for diesase increases when an overweight person’s BMI level is

Answer 17

25 or greater

Question 18

After assessing a client’s overhead squat, which muscles should you have them strengthened

Answer 18

underactive muscles

Question 19

the heart rate training zone between 86 to 95% that builds high-end work capacity

Answer 19

Zone 3

Question 20

during a pushing assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a client’s head protrudes forward

Answer 20

deep cervical flexors

Question 21

what positional guidelines do you give a client who is setting up for an overhead squat assessment

Answer 21

feet shoulder-width apart and pointed straight ahead; for and ankle complex in a neutral position; arms raised overhead, with elbows fully extended.

Question 22

represents the pressure within the arterial system after the heart contracts

Answer 22

systolic blood pressure

Question 23

After assessing a client’s overhead squat, which muscles would you have them foam roll and stretch

Answer 23

overactive muscles

Question 24

represents the pressure within the arterial system when then heart is resting and filling with blood

Answer 24

diastolic blood pressure

Question 25

what are the two main claf muscles that are responsible for concentrically accelerating plantar flexion

Answer 25

gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 26

what are three methods of assessing body fat percentage

Answer 26

underwater weighing, bio-electrical impedance, and skin-fold measurements

Question 27

name the imaginary bisector that divided the body into right and left halves

Answer 27

sagital plane

Question 28

name the muscle that is responsible for concentrically accelerating hip extension and external rotation

Answer 28

gluteus maximus

Question 29

the heart rate training zone between 65 to 75% that builds an aerobic base and aids in recovery

Answer 29

Zone 1

Question 30

name some of the benfits of circumference measurements

Answer 30

can be used on obese clients, good for comparison and progressions, good for assessing fat pattern and distribution, inexpensive easy to record

Question 31

what are the probable underactive muscles when a client's knees move inward during an overhead squat assessment

Answer 31

gluteus medius/maxius, vastus medialis oblique

Question 32

during an overhead squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the knees move inward

Answer 32

adductor complex, biceps femoris (short hand), tensor fascia latae, vastus laterialis

Question 33

during a pushign assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when a client's shoulder elevates and/or the head moves forward

Answer 33

upper trapezius, sternoceidomastoid, and levator scapulae

Question 34

the nueuromusculaer phenommenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover

Answer 34

synergistic dominance

Question 35

what muscle is responsible for concentrically accelerating shoulder extenion, adduction, and internal rotation

Answer 35

latissimus dorsi

Question 36

what relevant information can you learn about a client based on their occupation and movement capacity

Answer 36

extended periods of siting, repetitive movements, dress shoes, mental stress

Question 37

name five performance assessment test

Answer 37

Davie's, Shart Skill, Push-up, Upper Extremity Strength Assessment, Lower Extremity Strength Assessment

Question 38

name the functional unit of the muscle that lies in the space between two Z lines. It produces muscular contraction and is formed by repeating sections of actin and myosin

Answer 38

sarcomere

Question 39

this movement primarily occurs from side to side, as if there were a wall in front of and behind the body

Answer 39

frontal plane movements

Question 40

the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

Answer 40

length-tension relationship

Question 41

what are some primary causes of muscle imbalance

Answer 41

postural stress, emotional duress, repetitive movement, cumulative trauma, poor training technique

Question 42

during an overhead squat assessment, what are probable underactive muscles when a client shows an excessive forward lean

Answer 42

anterior tibialis, glueus maciums, erector spines

Question 43

a layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia, and surrounds the muscles

Answer 43

epimysium

Question 44

during an overhead squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when there is an excessive forward lean

Answer 44

soleus, gastrocnemius, hip flexor complex, abdominal complex

Question 45

what is the BMI range for a person who has a very high risk of disease

Answer 45

35.0 - 39.99

Question 46

What muscle action develops tension while lengthening and prevents resistance from accelerating in an uncontrolled manner?

Answer 46

Eccentric

Question 47

What are the four skin-fold sites tested when using the Durnin-Womersley formula for body fat assessment?

Answer 47

Biceps, triceps, subscapular, iliac crest

Question 48

Name the short muscles associated with lower crossed syndrome.

Answer 48

Gastrocnemius, soleus, hip flexor complex, adductors, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae

Question 49

The process in which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.

Answer 49

Autogenic inhibition

Question 50

The ability of the neuromuscular system to properly recruit muscles to produce force concentrically, reduce force eccentrically, and isometrically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.

Answer 50

Neuromuscular efficiency

Question 51

What are three guidelines for the health and fitness professional when taking the radial pulse of a client?

Answer 51

Touch should be gentle, take the pulse when the client is calm, take the pulse over the course of 3 days (at the same time each day) and average the results to ensure accuracy

Question 52

Which muscles would be lengthened in a client with upper crossed syndrome?

Answer 52

Deep cervical flexors, serratus anterior, rhomboids, mid-trapezius, lower trapezius, teres minor, and infraspinatus

Question 53

What do you call measurable data regarding a client's physical state, such as body composition, movement assessments, and cardiorespiratory ability?

Answer 53

Objective information

Question 54

What is the level that a client is instructed to squat to when performing the Overhead Squat assessment?

Answer 54

Height of a chair

Question 55

Name possible injuries associated with pronation distortion syndrome.

Answer 55

Plantar fasciitis, shin splints, patellar tendonitis, low back pain

Question 56

Name the altered joint mechanics associated with lower crossed syndrome

Answer 56

Increased lumbar extension and decreased hip extension

Question 57

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles if a client's feet turn out?

Answer 57

Medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstring complex, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Question 58

Repeated practice of motor control processes, which leads to a change in the ability to produce skilled movements.

Answer 58

Motor learning

Question 59

The heart rate training zone between 76 to 85% that increases both aerobic and anaerobic endurance

Answer 59

Zone 2

Question 60

This chamber of the heart gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs.

Answer 60

Left atrium

Question 61

The involved structures and mechanisms that the nervous system uses to gather sensory information and integrate it with previous experiences to produce a motor response.

Answer 61

Motor control

Question 62

The name of the receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint.

Answer 62

Joint receptors

Question 63

When assessing a client during a Single-leg Squat, from which vantage point should you view the client?

Answer 63

Anterior

Question 64

Name possible injuries associated with upper crossed syndrome

Answer 64

Headaches, bicep tendonitis, rotator cuff impingement, and thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 65

What is the starting zone of cardiorespiratory training when a client scores poor during the YMCA 3-Minute Step Test?

Answer 65

Zone one

Question 66

The Davies test is contraindicated for which group of people?

Answer 66

Individuals lacking shoulder stability

Question 67

What are possible injuries associated with lower crossed syndrome?

Answer 67

Hamstring complex strain, anterior knee pain, low back pain

Question 68

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

Answer 68

Mechanoreceptors

Question 69

What regressions could you make for clients who are unable to perform a Single-leg Squat assessment?

Answer 69

Use outside support for squatting assistance or perform a Single-leg Balance without squat

Question 70

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the low back arches?

Answer 70

Hip flexor complex, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi

Question 71

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Answer 71

Biomechanics

Question 72

Which muscle synergies (muscle groups) are primarily used in a Shoulder Press?

Answer 72

Deltoid, rotator cuff, trapezius

Question 73

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the feet turn out?

Answer 73

Soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, and biceps femoris (short head)

Question 74

: On which clients should health and fitness professionals avoid the use of skin-fold calipers to measure body fat?

Answer 74

Very overweight clients

Question 75

Movement of the bones around the joints

Answer 75

Rotary motion

Question 76

Name the class of medication that decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 76

Beta-blockers

Question 77

The method of measuring body fat percentages that conducts an electrical current through the body to measure fat

Answer 77

Bioelectrical impedance

Question 78

What are the altered joint mechanics associated with pronation distortion syndrome?

Answer 78

Increased: Knee adduction and internal rotation, foot pronation and external rotation; Decreased: Ankle dorsiflexion and inversion

Question 79

What is the amount of time recovery pulse is taken after completing the YMCA 3- Minute Step Test?

Answer 79

Within 5 seconds of completing the exercise, take the client’s pulse for 60 seconds

Question 80

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.

Answer 80

Golgi tendon organs

Question 81

Name the muscles involved in respiratory inspiration

Answer 81

Diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor

Question 82

Average stroke volume of an adult.

Answer 82

70 mL

Question 83

What is the starting zone of cardiorespiratory training when a client scores average on the YMCA 3-Minute Step Test?

Answer 83

Zone two

Question 84

Name the agonist, synergist, stabilizer, and antagonist muscles activated during a squat exercise.

Answer 84

Agonists: Gluteus maximus, quadriceps; Synergists: Hamstring complex; Stabilizer: Transversus abdominis; Antagonist: Psoas

Question 85

Name two common tests for assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency.

Answer 85

YMCA 3-Minute Step Test and Rockport Walk Test

Question 86

Name three postural distortion patterns that might be seen during a static postural assessment.

Answer 86

Pronation distortion syndrome, lower crossed syndrome, upper crossed syndrome

Question 87

Altered reciprocal inhibition, synergistic dominance, and arthrokinetic dysfunction all lead to this

Answer 87

Muscle imbalance

Question 88

Name the assessment that measures lower extremity agility and neuromuscular control.

Answer 88

Shark Skill Test

Question 89

What is an indicator that a female client’s ankle complex will be in a plantar flexed position for extended periods of time based on occupation?

Answer 89

Wearing dress shoes (high heels)

Question 90

Name the systems of the human movement system (kinetic chain).

Answer 90

Nervous system, muscular system, skeletal system

Question 91

What do you call information gathered from a client that includes their occupation, lifestyle, and medical background?

Answer 91

Subjective information

Question 92

When is the best time for clients to measure their resting heart rate?

Answer 92

Upon waking in the morning

Question 93

Name two abdominal muscles used for trunk rotation.

Answer 93

Internal and external obliques

Question 94

The energy pathway used in moderate to high intensity activities that can only be sustained for 30 to 50 seconds.

Answer 94

Glycolysis

Question 95

Give the straight percentage method equation for calculating a client’s target heart rate.

Answer 95

(220-client’s age) x desired intensity

Question 96

Name 2 conditions in which Beta-blockers might be prescribed

Answer 96

High blood pressure and arrhythmias

Question 97

Name the energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Answer 97

Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP

Question 98

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles when a client’s low back arches?

Answer 98

Gluteus maximus, hamstring complex, intrinsic core stabilizers

Question 99

Muscles that assist the prime movers.

Answer 99

Synergists

Question 99

Muscles that assist the prime movers.

Answer 99

``` Essential body Fat 3-5% Athletic 5-13% Recommended (34 yrs or less) 8-22% Recommended (35-55 yrs) 10-25% Recommended (more than 56 years) 10-25% ```

Question 100

Percent For Standard for a woman

Answer 100

``` Essential body fat 8-12% Athletic 12-22% Recommend (34 years or less) 20-35 Recommended ( 35-55 years) 23-35% Recommended ( more than 56 years) 25-35% ```

Question 101

Percent For Standard for a Man

Answer 101

``` Essential body fat 3-5% Athletic 5-13% Recommend (34 years or less) 8-22% Recommended ( 35-55 years) 10-25% Recommended ( more than 56 years) 10-25% ```