BASIC CHEMISTRY

Question 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

The quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work or to produce heat. It has no mass but can be measured. It drives all the chemical reactions in the body

Answer 2

Energy

Question 3

Plants extract ___ and ___ from the atmosphere which becomes the building block bio matter

Answer 3

CO2 and Nitrogen

Question 4

Fundamental Substance composing of matter

Answer 4

Elements

Question 5

Building block of elements. A particular element has a unique physical and chemical property

Answer 5

Atoms

Question 6

Dense inner core of the atom

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Positively charged particle

Answer 7

protons

Question 8

With no charge

Answer 8

Neutron

Question 9

Negatively charged surrounding the neutrons

Answer 9

Electrons

Question 10

Combination of two or more atoms of the same element held together by chemical bonds

Answer 10

Molecule

Question 11

2 or more different atoms are bound together

Answer 11

Compound

Question 12

Means different. You can see the different phases of the mixture

Answer 12

Heterogeneous Mixture

Question 13

Means the same. You cannot see the different phases of the mixture

Answer 13

Homogeneous Mixture

Question 14

Homogeneous mixture of two or more components

Answer 14

solution

Question 15

substance present in greatest quantity; dissolves the solute

Answer 15

solven

Question 16

substance in lesser quantity

Answer 16

solute

Question 17

heterogeneous mixture that appears milky and translucent

Answer 17

colloids

Question 18

examples of colloids

Answer 18

gelatin and cytosol

Question 19

heterogeneous mixture with large, often visible solute

Answer 19

suspension

Question 20

example of suspension

Answer 20

blood

Question 21

charged particles

Answer 21

ions

Question 22

positively charged ion

Answer 22

cation

Question 23

negatively charged ions

Answer 23

anions

Question 24

ions dissolved in solution

Answer 24

electrolytes

Question 25

chemical union of two or more atoms

Answer 25

bonds

Question 26

electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. An electron rich atom ( negatively charged ) transfers electrons to electron deficient atom ( positively charged )

Answer 26

ionic bond

Question 27

ionic bod example

Answer 27

NaCl

Question 28

electrons shared by the atoms

Answer 28

covalent bond

Question 29

covalent bond example

Answer 29

O2

Question 30

Hydrogen atoms already linked covalently to one electronegative atom is attracted by another electronegative atom .

Answer 30

Hydrogen Bond

Question 31

Two or more substances react to produce a single new substance

Answer 31

synthesis

Question 32

a reaction where a more complex molecule breaks down to form two or more simpler products

Answer 32

decomposition reaction

Question 33

chemical reaction in which one element is replaced by another in a compound

Answer 33

single displacement

Question 34

metathesis reaction. two compounds exchange ions to produce two new compounds.

Answer 34

double displacement reaction

Question 35

-log[H+]

Answer 35

pH

Question 36

negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ion. measure of acidity or basicity

Answer 36

pH

Question 37

neutral pH level

Answer 37

7

Question 38

less than pH level of 7

Answer 38

acidic

Question 39

above pH level of 7

Answer 39

basic

Question 40

solution that resists ph changes when an acid or base is added. - Contains an acid and its conjugate base.

Answer 40

buffer

Question 41

Passive Movements

Answer 41

simple diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis

Question 42

solutes from area of greater to lesser solute concentration

Answer 42

Simple diffusion-movement

Question 43

molecules move from greater to lesser solute concentration using a carrier to move the molecule cross the membrane

Answer 43

facilitated diffusion

Question 44

Movement of water molecules from an area of lesser solute to greater solute concentration.

Answer 44

osmosis

Question 45

requires energy

Answer 45

active movement

Question 46

movement of particles against concentration gradient

Answer 46

active transport

Question 47

- Hydrates of carbon. - Contain hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. - Can be monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharide

Answer 47

carbohydrates

Question 48

- smallest carbohydrate molecules ex. glucose, galactose, mannose and fructose

Answer 48

monosaccharides

Question 49

- combination of two monosaccharides Ex. Maltose, lactose and sucrose

Answer 49

disaccharides

Question 50

Ex. starch and cellulose- Storage form of plant glucose. - glycogen- storage form of glucose in animals

Answer 50

polysaccharides

Question 51

functions of carbohydrates

Answer 51

structural energy storage transport function regulatory function catalytic function antigen antibody interactions cell lubrication and supportive function components of cellular membrane components of protective cellular coats

Question 52

- Group of compounds with diverse chemical structure and composition, sharing the common property of being insoluble in water but soluble in other lipids and organic compounds such as either, chloroform and alcohol. - Usually classified according to their solubility - Can be classified as simple lipids, complex lipid and precursor or derived lipids

Answer 52

lipids

Question 53

esters of fatty acids with various alcohol Ex. - Neutral Fats -Triglyceride b. Waxes- e.g. - beeswax, - lanolin

Answer 53

simple lipids

Question 54

ester of fatty acids containing other groups in addition to an alcohol and fatty acid Ex. a. Phospholipids - Phosphatidylcholin (lecithin) b. Glycolipids/ glycosphigolipids - sphingomyelins - ceramides and - gangliosides

Answer 54

complex lipids

Question 55

Ex. - Steroids, - ketone bodies, - prostaglandins

Answer 55

PRECURSOR AND DERIVED LIPIDS

Question 56

functions of lipids

Answer 56

1. Membrane structural components 2. Intracellular storage depot of metabolic fuel 3. Transport form of metabolic fuel 4. Receptors in nerve ending membranes 5. Determinants of immunologic specificity 6. Enzyme cofactors

Question 57

polymer of amino acids

Answer 57

proteins

Question 58

classifications of protein according to

Answer 58

composition and conformation

Question 59

contains amino acids only

Answer 59

simple protein

Question 60

complex or conjugated with non-amino acid e.g. Lipoproteins, Glycoproteins

Answer 60

compound protein

Question 61

e.g. Collagen, Elastin, Keratin

Answer 61

fibrous

Question 62

enzymes and albumin

Answer 62

globular

Question 63

biologic functions of proteins

Answer 63

1. Catalytic role Ex. Enzymes 2. Contraction Ex. Actin and myosin 3. Gene regulation Ex. Histones, non-histone nuclear proteins 4. Transport Ex. Transferring 5. Protection Ex. fibrin, immunoglobulin 6. Regulatory Ex. Protein hormones 7. Structural Ex. collagen

Question 64

made up of nucleotides, a molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, phosphate and pentose sugar

Answer 64

nucleic acid

Question 65

central information storage molecules - Carry the hereditary message of the organism

Answer 65

DNA

Question 66

Needed in the synthesis of cell protein

Answer 66

RNA