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ANPH111 > Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

types of cells

A

prokaryotic
eukaryotic

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2
Q

the basic unit of biological organization

A

cell

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3
Q

basic composition of the cell

A

•
Protoplasm/cytoplasm
• •
cell membrane nucleus

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4
Q

PHYSIOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF CELL

A

IRRITABILITY / EXCITABILITY
CONDUCTIVITY
CONTRACTILITY
ABSORPTION AND SECRETION
EXCRETION
RESPIRATION
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION
ORGANIZATION

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5
Q

principal parts of the eukaryotic cell

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

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6
Q

trilaminar and semipermeable

A

cell membrane

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7
Q

colloidal and with organelles, inclusions and cytoskeleton

A

cytoplasm

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8
Q

with DNA in the form of heterochromatin(inactive) and euchromatin(active)

A

nucleus

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9
Q

double phospholipid layer with embedded proteins

A

trilaminar

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10
Q

osmosis
protein channels
active transport
fluid mosaic model

A

membrane transport

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11
Q

SIMPLE DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
FILTRATION

A

passive

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12
Q

ACTIVE TRANSPORT
ENDOCYTOSIS
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
EXOCYTOSIS

A

active

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13
Q

Movement of solute from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration

A

simple diffusion

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14
Q

Movement of solute from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration with a CARRIER

A

facilitated diffusion

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15
Q

Movement of solvent (WATER) from an area of LOW solute concentration to an area of HIGH solute concentration

A

osmosis

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16
Q

Movement of solute from an area of LOW solute concentration to an area of HIGH
solute concentration

A

active transport

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17
Q

Mostly water in solution or colloid with chemical compounds
Solution: atoms or ions distributed in medium

A

cytoplasm

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18
Q

compounds that go into solution

A

polar

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19
Q

compounds that go into colloidal suspension

A

nonpolar

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20
Q

organelles

A

MITOCHONDRIA (chondriosome)
RIBOSOMES
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
GOLGI COMPLEX (Dictyosomes)
LYSOSOMES
PEROXISOMES / MICROBODIES
MELANOSOMES
SECRETORY GRANULES

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21
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

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22
Q

inner folds where cellular respiration occurs

A

cristae

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23
Q

synthesize ATP

A

mitochondria

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24
Q

determines the cristae number

A

energy requirements of the cell

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25
Distributed throughout cytoplasm ■ Attached to rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ■ No membrane covering ■ Site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
26
protein fro intracellular use
free ribosomes
27
System of membranes that makes up channels ■ Connects with outer nuclear and cell membranes
endoplasmic reticulum
28
for protein synthesis and has attached ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
29
fat transport and sex hormone synthesis,HCL synthesis, release and recapture Ca+ in skeletal muscles
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
30
■ Collection of flat saclike cisternae ■ Concentration and collection of cellular compounds ■ Storage warehouses of the cell ■ Carbohydrate synthesis site ■ “packaging”
golgi apparatus
31
Digestive enzyme packages ■ With acid hydrolases ■ Lack oxidases and catalases
lysosomes
32
functions of lysosomes
play role in cellular defense digest stored food maintenance and repair of organelles suicide agents for old or weak cells
33
contains catalase and oxidase
peroxisomes/microbodies
34
converts H2O2 into H2O and O2
catalase
35
inclusions in the cytoplasm
GLYCOGEN LIPID PIGMENTS a. Exogenous b. Endogenous 1) lipofuscin 2) melanin 3) hemoglobin 4) bilirubin CRYSTALS a.)Crystals of Reinke b.)Crystals of Charcot-Bottcher
36
cytoskeleton
microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules
37
7nm in diameter
microfilaments
38
10nm in diameter
intermediate filaments
39
25 nm in diameter
microtubules
40
intermediate filaments
keratin vimentin desmin glial fibrillary protein neurofilaments
41
epithelial cells
keratin
42
mesenchymal cells
vimentin
43
muscle cells
desmin
44
glial cells of nervous system
glial fibrillary protein
45
neurons
neurofilaments
46
determine the polarity of the cell
centrioles
47
anchoring points of cilia and flagella
basal bodies
48
line the respiratory tract
cilia
49
tail of spermatozoa
flagella
50
two centrioles at right angles to each other
centrosome
51
composed of nine sets of triplet fibers Form spindle fibers during cell division Guide duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells
centrioles
52
Hairlike protrusions from cell membrane Nine double fibrils around two single central fibrils
cilia and flagella
53
move materials across cell surface
cilia
54
propels cell through a medium
flagellum
55
Control center of the cell
nucleus
56
genetic material inside nucleoplasm
chromatin
57
site of ribosome formation
nucleolus
58
18-24 hours inactive/resting phase
interphase
59
four phases of interphase
G1 phase G0 phase S phase G2 phase
60
(-) DNA synthesis (+) RNA and protein synthesis 30-50% of length of interphase
G1 Phase
61
cells pull out of the cycle
G0 Phase
62
DNA SYNTHESIS/REPLICATION 35-45% of length of interphase
S Phase
63
phase before onset of mitosis 10-20% of length of interphase
G2 Phase
64
types of cell division
mitosis meiosis
65
two daughter cells with exactly the same genetic material
mitosis
66
four daughter cells with half the genetic material
meiosis
67
cell division for growth, maintenance and repair
mitosis
68
cellular division for reproduction
meiosis
69
phases of mitosis
prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
70
– chromosomes progressively shorten and thicken to form double structures - nucleolus gradually disappears - mitotic apparatus begins to form - degeneration of the nuclear membrane
prophase
71
chromatids align at the equatorial plane.
metaphase
72
separation of sister chromatids and migrate towards the opposite poles by the translocation of the spindle microtubules
anaphase
73
- nucleoli and nuclear membranes reappear at the opposite ends of the cell - mitotic apparatus gradually disappears - a purse string constriction of bands of microfilaments appear at the equatorial plate dividing the cytoplasm and eventually the daughter cells.
telophase

ANPH111 (2 decks)

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