Basic Chemistry Flashcards
(52 cards)
What is the atomic number of an element?
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
True or False: The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
True
Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for water is ____.
H2O
What is the pH scale used for?
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons, while a covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What is Avogadro’s number?
Avogadro’s number is 6.022 x 10^23, which is the number of particles in one mole of a substance.
What is the formula for calculating the number of moles?
Number of moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)
True or False: A solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral.
True
What does the term ‘molarity’ refer to?
Molarity refers to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements organized by increasing atomic number.
What does the term ‘solute’ mean?
A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
Fill in the blank: The formula for calculating density is ____.
Density = mass/volume
What is the main difference between an element and a compound?
An element is a pure substance made of one type of atom, while a compound is made of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
True or False: Exothermic reactions release energy.
True
What does the law of conservation of mass state?
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
What is the formula for calculating percentage composition?
Percentage composition = (mass of element in compound / total mass of compound) x 100%
What is the significance of the octet rule in chemistry?
The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of eight electrons.
What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
Fill in the blank: The process of a solid turning into a gas is called ____.
sublimation
What is the role of electrons in chemical bonding?
Electrons are involved in forming bonds between atoms by being shared or transferred.
What is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?
An oxidation-reduction reaction is a chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between two species.
What is the formula for calculating the heat energy absorbed or released in a reaction?
q = m * c * ΔT, where q is heat energy, m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
