Basic Commands Flashcards
is a command used to query the dns name servers. it is helpful in troubleshooting dns problems. it is also used for lookups and will display answers from query. THE REPLACEMENT FOR NSLOOKUP
dig ( domain information grouper)
a tool most often used to lookup who owns a domain or block of ip addresses on the internet, including name, email address, and physical address. however, there are many privacy options that hide this information from being returned. it is primary used in linux
whois
displays information for displaying dns information and troubleshooting dns problems. it is useful in displaying names to ip address mappings.
nslookup
one of the most basic tools for testing connectivity to other hosts. It sends an internet control message protocol (ICMP) echo request to a host and listens for the reply. If a reply is received, it will display the time it took and the time to live (TTL) left
ping.
copies the file from one host to another host. The data is unencrypted. If encryption is needed, FTPS uses SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer, replaced by Transport Layer Security; the same encryption used in https)
FTP File Transfer Protocol
provides the user with the ip, subnet mask, and default gateway for each network adapter by default. mostly used in windows
ipconfig
displays information about a user or users on a remote system, including things such as last log-in time and username. It is primarily used in Linux.
finger
this command is used to securely copy files between servers, leveraging SSH for authentication and encryption.
scp secure copy protocol
displays TCP/IP packets and other network packets that are being transmitted over the network system. It is a form of protocol analyzer (sometimes called a sniffer) and is designed to show the contents of network packets in human-readable form for troubleshooting, security analysis, etc.
tcpdump
used to trace the route an IP packet takes to a destination. It displays each hop (next router) in a numerical list with the hop’s IP address and the time it takes to receive the packet. It can be useful in determining where a ping fails, troubleshooting performance issues, and other aspects regarding connectivity.
traceroute (linux) / tracert (windows)
can be used to display the current “ {} “ tables on a host. can also be used to add or remove “blank” this is used by the local host to determin where to send traffic (0.0.0.0 means default gateway) where the router sends things if its not otherwised found in the “” table.
route
transfers a file from either a client to a server or from a server to a client using UDP (user datagram protocol) instead of TCP, and so it is usually used on reliable (local) networks.
tftp (Trivial file transfer protocol)
displays information about active ports and their state and can be useful in troubleshooting and capacity management.
used in windows,mac, and linux
netstat
is used to configure the kernel network interfaces. It is implemented at the time of booting to configure the necessary interfaces. Once the interfaces are configured, it is used for debugging or tuning the system. It is primarily used in Linux.
ifconfig
scans networks to see what it can find in terms of hosts and open ports (including well-known ones for many applications). It is commonly used to determine what is deployed on a network for vulnerability analysis, security scans, and related activities.
nmap (network mapper) not native but can be downloaded on linux or windows
