basic commands

Question 1

how do you move through the directories

Answer 1

by using cd

Question 2

how do you list everything in the current directory?

Answer 2

ls

Question 3

How do you find out where you are in the directory hierarchy?

Answer 3

pwd

Question 4

how do you delete(remove) a file?

Answer 4

rm

Question 5

how do you remove a directory?

Answer 5

rm -r <directory></directory>

Question 6

How do you include spaces in the name of a directory?

Answer 6

you enclose in ” “

Question 7

how do you move out of a directory?

Answer 7

cd ..

Question 8

how do you make a new folder?

Answer 8

mkdir <“name of folder”>

Question 9

how do you clear the terminal?

Answer 9

clear

Question 10

How do you duplicate a document?

Answer 10

you use cp

julio$ cp bayram.png bayramCopy.png

Question 11

how do you put a copy of a doc in a directory?

Answer 11

you also use cp but the destination must be the new path to the target folder

juliohud:desktop julio$ cp bayram.png ~/documents

Question 12

How do you move a file or folder to another directory?

Answer 12

using mv

julio$ mv “test folder” ~/documents

Question 13

how do you make a new text document?

Answer 13

you use nano

julio$ nano“test file”

Question 14

how do you open a text document?

Answer 14

you also use nano

julio$ nano “dave was here”

Question 15

how do you open/read any file?

Answer 15

that is the first line of the text

use cat

juliohud:desktop julio$ cat“dave was here”
hey this is so cool!

Question 16

How do you switch users?

Answer 16

by using su and then typing your password

juliohud:desktop julio$ su resolume

Password:

Question 17

How do you find out which user you are?

Answer 17

just type whoami

juliohud:desktop julio$ whoami
julio

Question 18

How do you log off from a user account?

Answer 18

exit

Question 19

How do you run a command as ROOT or as another user?

Answer 19

use sudo and then the name of the desired user, sudo with no name assumes the root

Question 20

How do you show all commands typed during a session

Answer 20

use history

Question 21

how do you gain access to any user in your computer?

Answer 21

you must login as root by using sudo :

julio$ sudo su root

now you can read/write anything!

Question 22

how can you get direct access to the terminal of a mac without having to enter your password?

Answer 22

press the startup button then hold command+”s”

Question 23

How can I reset the password of my mac if I lost my password, through the terminal?

Answer 23

mount -uw /

launchctl load

/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.DirectoryServices.plist

ls /Users

dscl . -passwd /Users/username newPassword

reboot

Question 24

How can I change my password from the terminal?

Answer 24

use the command passwd

Question 25

how do you cancel a command?

Answer 25

**control** + "**c**"

Question 26

how do you change the password for another user?

Answer 26

using **sudo** julio$ **sudo passwd** resolume

Question 27

How do we shutdown a mac from the terminal at an appointed time?

Answer 27

sudo **shutdown** -h now ## Footnote where **now** can be also expressed in military time **-h** indicates 'halt', you could also reboot the computer by adding **-r** instead

Question 28

how do we shutdown or restart a mac immediately from the terminal?

Answer 28

you type **sudo halt** or **sudo reboot**

Question 29

how do we list all files in a directory together with detailed info on their permissions?

Answer 29

we type **ls -l**

Question 30

how do you change the owner of a file or directory?

Answer 30

sudo **chown** NewOwner Directory

Question 31

how do you cancel a shutdown process?

Answer 31

$ sudo killall shutdown

Question 32

how do you change permissions?

Answer 32

sudo chmod 777 nameOfDocument (the 7 indicates wrx, if it was 5 it means only rx, if it twere 0 nobody can wrx)