basic concepts

Question 1

in vivo means?

Answer 1

in the living organism

Question 2

in vitro means?

Answer 2

outside the living
organism

Question 3

in silico means (in a computer base environment).
true or false?

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what should we do before clinical trials?

Answer 4

preclinical testing

Question 5

the drug must be a pure substance
such as?

Answer 5

chemical, animal or plant based
substance

Question 6

what excipients mean?

Answer 6

without bioactivity
inactive pharmaceutical ingredients

Question 7

Mixing of the bioactive portion
of the drug with excipients
according to certain formulas is
called?

Answer 7

drug formulation.

Question 8

Prophylaxis means?

Answer 8

prevention

Question 9

drugs can be used as?

Answer 9

Prophylaxis (exp. Aspirin usage to prevent heart attack)
-Diagnosis (exp. Radiological substance)
-Treatment-cure
-Other medical aim

Question 10

to complete cure of disease means?

Answer 10

Radical treatment

Question 11

Medications eliminate the cause of the disease, and alleviate
or correct symptoms and sign
true or false?

Answer 11

false,
do not eliminate the cause of the disease , only alleviate or correct symptoms and signs

Question 12

what is Palliative-Symptomatic treatment ?

Answer 12

Medications do
not eliminate the cause of the disease, only to alleviate
or correct symptoms and signs

Question 13

list the properties of drug effects

Answer 13

selectivity
temporariness
does-dependent

Question 14

what are the sources of drugs?

Answer 14

plants
animals
mineral
synthetic or semi synthetic
microbiological
genetic engineering

Question 15

how are the drugs classified?

Answer 15

from
1-Their chemical nature
2-Target organ/site of action
3-Therapeutic uses

Question 16

what will happen after the drug is administrated to the body?

Answer 16

it will effect the systemic concentration and it could be distributed or eliminated

Question 17

what are the 2 main steps for a drug after it is administrated to the body?

Answer 17

pharmacokinetics
then pharmacodynamic

Question 18

which form of drug that has gelatin?

Answer 18

capsules
as 1-hard shell gelatin
2- soft shell gelatin

Question 19

Suppositories are used in?
and how it is melted?

Answer 19

Used in rectum and vagina
melt upon exposure to body temperature

Question 20

tablets
capsules
powder
are all?

Answer 20

solid drugs

Question 21

cream drugs are divided into?

Answer 21

oil in water = spread easily
or water in oil= more greasy

Question 22

what are the types of liquid drugs?

Answer 22

elixirs= contain alcohol
syrups= don’t contain alcohol
solutions
emulsions
suspensions

Question 23

what is the local application for the Cream, ointment, pastes, solutions (some of them), liniment?

Answer 23

Epidermis (up to the
skin)

Question 24

the pharmaceutical form for the Conjunctiva sac is?

Answer 24

Ophthalmic drops and ophthalmic ointments

Question 25

the pharmaceutical form for the intravaginal is vaginal ovule (suppositories), Vaginal tablets, ointments, gels true or false?

Answer 25

true

Question 26

what is the local application for the Lozenges, solutions?

Answer 26

Buccal

Question 27

Rectal pharmaceutical form such as Ointments, suppositories, enema true or false?

Answer 27

true

Question 28

to which area Clyster (excrete bigger area then enema) is used?

Answer 28

Colon

Question 29

what is the pharmaceutical form for the external ear canal?

Answer 29

Otic drops (solution, suspension)

Question 30

what are the 2 types of drugs routs administration?

Answer 30

systemic= should pass through systemic app local= should not pass through systemic app

Question 31

give example of systemic administration drug

Answer 31

Oral application

Question 32

give example of local administration drug

Answer 32

Epidermal application (creams, ointments), ocular drops, nasal drops

Question 33

what are the kinds of local administration?

Answer 33

topical deeper tissues arterial

Question 34

what are the kinds of systemic administration?

Answer 34

enteral parenteral

Question 35

The skin is not permeable to lipid-insoluble substances true or falsE?

Answer 35

true

Question 36

what kind of drug application we use Allergy and bacteriological tests or local anesthetic drug application?

Answer 36

intracutaneous application

Question 37

give examples of local drugs that are administrated through the mouth

Answer 37

p. * Antiacid drugs, * Laxatives such as MgSO

Question 38

drug placed directly into the GI tract is?

Answer 38

enteral rout like, oral- sublingual,rectum

Question 39

First-pass effect in the liver * Interaction with food or other drugs * Degraded by digestive enzymes, leading to reduced absorption * Not applicable in nausea or vomiting * Likely to unsuitable in case of emergency * Slower onset of action * Requires patient cooperation are ?

Answer 39

disadvantages of oral drug

Question 40

what are the advantages of the sublingual drug?

Answer 40

rapid absorption drug stability avoid first pass effect.

Question 41

inconvenient small doses unpleasant taste of drugs are ?

Answer 41

disadvantage of sublingual drugs

Question 42

Drugs that are not absorbed or destroyed by the gastrointestinal tract can be administered ?

Answer 42

parenterally

Question 43

Parenteral administration of drugs is considered to be higher (in intravenous 100%) bioavailability. true or false?

Answer 43

true

Question 44

what are the Preparations to be administered parenterally?

Answer 44

he pH must be near to the pH of body fluids (isohidric), - Sterile, - Isotonic, - No particles.

Question 45

intraarterial administration has local effect and the intravenous administration has systemic effect true or false?

Answer 45

true

Question 46

transdermal drug delivery is local application. true or false?

Answer 46

false, systemic