Basic concepts Flashcards
(30 cards)
Definition of hydrocarbon
Compound made of only carbon and hydrogen
Definition of saturated
No C=C double bond or triple bond
Definition of unsaturated
Contains C=C double bond or triple bond
Definition of homologous series
Molecules with the same functional group and the same general formula, each successive member differs by CH2
Definition of functional group
Atom or group of atoms which are responsible for a molecules chemical properties.
What does something have to have in order to be aromatic?
Must contain a benzene ring
What does something have to have in order to be aliphatic?
Must not contain a benzene ring
What does something have to have in order to be alicyclic?
Must not contain a benzene ring (aliphatic)
AND
Must contain a ring
What is the suffix for alkanes?
-ane
What is the suffix for alkenes?
-ene
What is the suffix for alkyls?
-yl
What is the suffix for alcohols?
-anol
What is the suffix for aldehydes?
-anal
What is the suffix for amines?
-amine
What is the suffix for ketones?
-anone
What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?
-anoic acid
What is the suffix for esters?
-anoate
What is the suffix for acyl chlorides?
-anoyl chloride
What is the suffix for nitriles?
-nitrile
What is the prefix for haloalkanes?
Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-
What is the first rule for naming?
Find and name the longest carbon chain - this goes at the end
What is the second rule for naming?
Name all branches (end in -yl)
What is the third rule for naming?
Order branches in alphabetical order
What is the fourth rule for naming?
Give lowest possible set of numbers for branches (can only count from one side)
