Basic Concepts Flashcards
(48 cards)
Complete, physical, mental and social well being and not necessarily the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO)
Health
Active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a healthy and fulfilling life
Wellness
A way of living that lowers the risk of being ill or dying
Healthy lifestyle
●Government agencies or community groups not normally done by the private sector that improves the health status of the community or of individuals in the community
●Directed at community level
Public Health
Encompasses comprehensive health provisions ranging from preventive, promotive, curative to rehabilitative services
Community Medicine
Branch of medicine that concentrates on keeping people well with a goal of disease prevention and health promotion
Goals: disease prevention and health promotion
Preventive Medicine
Level of prevention :
Abstaining from tobacco
Primary
Level of prevention :
Cardiac stress testing
Secondary
Level of prevention :
Tumor debulking for stage 4 cancer
Tertiary
Level of prevention :
Practicing stress management
Primary
Level of prevention :
Testicular self-examination
Secondary
Level of prevention :
Smoking cessation after MI
Tertiary
Level of prevention :
Oral chemoprophylaxis with doxycycline for flood exposure
Primary
Self breast examination
Secondary
●Most basic type of sampling design
●every unit has equal chance to be included in sample population
Simple random sampling
●A sampling design wherein every kth element of the population is chosen.
●Drawing a sample is easier.
●A sampling frame is not necessary.
●More precise than simple random sampling.
Systematic sampling design
●Every element found in each cluster is included in the study.
●Only population listof clusters is needed.
●May have bias.
Cluster sampling
●Qualitative categorical or Discrete quantitative
●Comparison of absolute or relative counts, rates.
Bar graph
●Qualitative variable
●Comparison between 2 population or distribution.
●Alternative to pie chart.
Component/Stacked bar graph
●Qualitative
●Usually presented as counts.
●example: leading cause of mortality
Horizontal Bar
●Quantitative variable showing changes with passage of time
●design with spaces in between bar because variable is discrete; use to show trends
Vertical bar graph
●Qualitative
●breakdown of a group or total where the number of categories is not too many ( <6 categories)
●sum of all proportion must be equal to 100%
Pie chart
●Continuous quantitative
●frequency distribution of continuous variable or measurement including age group; 1 population, 1 distribution
●decimals, income
Histogram
●Quantitative variable
●trend data
●Time series
Line graph
