Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is a homologous series?
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
They have similar chemical properties and contain the same functional group
What is a functional group?
The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
What are alkanes?
A homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2
Hydrocarbons?
Organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon with single bonds only
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon containing carbon-carbon multiple bonds
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains
What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon with the carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure
What is nomenclature?
A system of naming compounds
What is an alkyl group?
An alkane with a hydrogen removed, often represented as ‘R’
What is the empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
What is a structural isomer?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structural formula
What is a stereoisomer?
Stereoisomers are compounds with the same structural formula, but with different arrangement in space
What is E/Z isomerism?
A type of stereoisomerism, in terms of restriction around a C=C bond, and two different functional groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group
What is cis-trans isomerism?
A special case of E/Z isomerism in which the two substituent groups are the same
Explain in terms of intermolecular forces, how fractional distillation works
The hydrocarbons have different boiling points
The larger the molecules, the stronger the van der Waals forces
Explain why many industrial manufacturing processes use catalysts
Enable reactions to occur with less waste
Enable reactions to happen with less toxic solvents/reactants
Reactions can happen at room temperature
Saves energy (costs)
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions
Enable reactions to occur with more specificity (correct isomer)
Suggest advantages and disadvantages of using more biofuels
Carbon neutral
Fossil fuels are finite resources
Allows fossil fuels to be used as a feedstock for organic compounds
Less food crops may be grown
Deforestation
Reduces fertility of soils
