Basic Exercise Sicence 2-2 The Skeletal System Flashcards

(62 cards)

0
Q

What are bones

A

Hard connective tissue, that together form the skeletal system.

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1
Q

Describe the skeletal system

A

It’s the body’s framework for structure and movement,

It’s made up of bones and joints.

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2
Q

Describe joints.

A

The moveable places where two or more bones meet.

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3
Q

The skeletal system has two divisions, what are they?

A

The axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

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4
Q

Describe the axial skeleton

A

It consist of the skull, rib cage and vertebral column

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5
Q

What are the two main function of bones/skeletal system in regards to movements?

A
  1. They ate levers when acted on by muscles.

2. They provide support/posture.

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6
Q

Name the 4 major types of bones

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short. Ones
  3. Flat bones
  4. Irregular bones
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7
Q

This type of bone is characterized by their long cylindrical shaft, with irregular or widened bony ends

A

Long bones

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8
Q

The slight curvature of long bones is necessary for what?

A

Efficient force distribution

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9
Q

Long bones are comprised of compact bone tissue, this ensures what?

A

Strength and stiffness

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10
Q

Though long bones are comprised of compact bone tissue they have considerable amounts of spongy bone tissue, why?

A

For shock absorption

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11
Q

Clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, and phalanges are all what th of bones?

A

Long bones

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12
Q

What type of bones are similar in length and width and appear somewhat cubical in shape.

A

Short bones

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13
Q

Short bones consist predominantly of spongy bone tissue, why

A

For maximum shock absorption

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14
Q

The carpals of the hand and the tarsals of the feet are what type of bones

A

Short bones

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15
Q

Which type of bone is thin, is comprised of 2 layers of compact bone tissue surrounding a layer of spongy bone tissue

A

Flat bones

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16
Q

Which bones protect internal structures and provide broad attachment sites for muscles?

A

Flat bones

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17
Q

Sternum, scapulae, ribs, ilium, cranial, and patella are all which type of bone?

A

Flat bones

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18
Q

Which bone have a unique shape and function?

A

Irregular bones

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19
Q

Vertebrae, pelvic, and certain facial bones are which types of bones?

A

Irregular bones

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20
Q

What are the Distinguishing structures on bones necessary for increasing the stability in joints as well as providing an attachment site for muscles?

A

Surface markings

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21
Q

Surface markings are divided up into 2 categories, what are they?

A
  1. Depressions

2. Processes

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22
Q

Flattened or indented portion of bone which can be a muscle attachment site.

A

Depression

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23
Q

What is a fossa?

A

A bone marking known as a depression

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24
Supraspinous and the infraspinous located on the scapulae are examples of what?
Fossa
25
A simply grove in the bone that allows a soft tissue structure (i.e. a tendon) to pass through is what form of a depression?
Sulcus
26
Projections protruding from bones where muscles and tendons and ligaments can attach.
Processes (surface markings)
27
Process, condyle, epicondylitis, tubercle, and trochanter are all examples of what?
Processes
28
Arthrokinematics
Movements of joints
29
How are joints formed?
When one bone articulates with another bone?
30
How are joints characterized?
By structure and function
31
Name the 3 major motion types of joints.
1. Roll 2. slide 3. Spin
32
Describe a roll movement of a joint
One joint rolls across the surface of another like a tire rolls across a street.
33
The squat is an example of what type of joint movement
Roll, femoral, condyles rolling over the tibial condyles
34
The knee extension is an example of wha type of joint motion, like a tire skidding across a street
Slide
35
When on joint spins on the surface of another like the twisting of a lid off of a jar is an example of what type of joint motion?
Spin
36
The head of the radius rotations on the end of the humerus during pronation and supination of the forearm is an example of what type of joint motion
Spin
37
What gives a synovial joint it's increased mobility compared non-synovial joints?
The absence of fibrous or cartilaginous tissue directly connecting the bones, rather they are loosely held roger by a joint capsule and ligaments
38
Joints held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement
Synovial joints
39
Where is synovial fluid located
Secreted within the joint capsule
40
What is the essential function of synovial fluid
Lubricates joint surfaces to reduce the excessive ware and tear and to nourish the cartilage cells that line the joint
41
Name the types of synovial joints (6)
1. Gliding 2. Condyloid 3. Hinge 4. Saddle 5. Pivot 6. Ball-and-socket
42
What are the characteristics do non-synovial joints
They have no joint cavity No fibrous connective tissue No cartilage in the uniting structure Little to no movement
43
Examples of non-synovial joints
Structures of skull Distal joint of the tibia and fibula (ankle) Symphysis pubis
44
List functions of joints (3)
Provide bones a means to be manipulated Allows movement in body segment Provides stability
45
What is the primary connective tissue for a joint?
Ligament
46
Describe ligaments
Connects bone to bone Provides static and dynamic stability and input to the nervous system (proprioception)
47
Why do ligaments heal slow
Poor vascular its (blood supply)
48
What are the characteristics of the Gliding joint
No axis of rotation, moves by sliding side to side and/or back and forth, vertebrae
49
What are the characteristics of the Condyloid joint
Formed by the fitting of condyles of one bone into elliptical cavities of another, moves predominantly in one plane, knee
50
What are the characteristics of a hinge joint?
Uniaxial, moves predominantly in one plane of motion (Sagitta.). Elbow
51
What are the characteristics of the saddle joint
One bone fits like a saddle on another bone, moves predominantly in two planes, (Sagittarius, frontal) Only carpometacarpla
52
What are the characteristics of the pivot joint?
Only one axis I, moves predominantly in one of motion (transverse) Radioulnar
53
What are the characteristics of the ball-and-socket joint
Most mobile of joints, moves in all three planes of motion, | Hip
54
What area the characteristics of a synovial joint
Produces synovial fluid, has a joint cavity and fibrous connective tissue, knee
55
What are the characteristics of a non-synovial joint
No joint cavity and fibrous connective tissue, little or no movement, structures of the skull
56
Example of synovial joints (7)
1. Knee 2. Vertebrae 3. Knee 4. Elbow 5. Carpometacarpla 6. Radioulnar 7. Hip
57
What provides the bones a means to be manipulated, allowing for movement throughout segments of the body.
Joints
58
All joints in the humans body are connected. This implies that movement of one joint directly affects the motion of others. Therefore if one joint is. It working properly...
It will affect the other joints it works with
59
What are ligaments made up of?
Primarily a protein called collagen, and varying amounts of a protein called elastin
60
What type of fibers are situated in a more parallel fashion to the forces that are typically placed upon the ligament, thus providing the ligaments with the ability to withstand tension (tensile strength)?
Collagen
61
What gives ligaments some flexibility or elastic recoil to withstand the bending and twisting it may have to endure?
Elastin