Basic Life Processes Flashcards
exam study (28 cards)
What are the 6 characteristics of living organisms?
Every living organism contains growth, metabolism, responsiveness, movements, reproduction, and differentiation.
What is growth in living organisms?
Growth is the increase in body size resulting from hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and the increase of non-cellular material surrounding cells.
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all reactions occurring in the body, consisting of catabolism and anabolism.
What is catabolism?
Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into smaller molecules.
What is anabolism?
Anabolism is the process where smaller molecules build up into complex molecules.
What does responsiveness refer to in living organisms?
Responsiveness is how the body detects and responds to changes, which can be internal or external.
What are the different types of movements in living organisms?
Movements can include whole body movement, individual organ movement, single cell movement, and organelle movement.
What are the two main types of reproduction?
The two main types of reproduction are mitosis (formation of new cells) and production (production of new humans through fertilization).
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.
What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?
The levels are
1. molecule
2. cell
3. tissue
4. organ
5. organ/body system, 6. organism.
What is a cell?
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of an organism.
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of cells and their intercellular components that function together to carry out specialized activities.
What are the four types of tissues?
The four types of tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
What is an organ?
An organ is composed of two or more specialized tissues that play a vital role in the body.
What are the two types of organs?
The two types of organs are primary organs and specialized organs.
What is an organ/body system?
An organ/body system is a group of organs and/or tissues that work together to perform specific functions vital for survival.
What is an organism?
An organism is an individual, total living form that varies greatly in size.
What is the standard anatomical position?
The standard anatomical position is standing upright, facing forward, with mouth closed, arms straight, hands by hips, and feet together.
What are the major anatomical regions of the human body?
The major regions are the head, neck, trunk, upper limb, and lower limb.
What are directional terms?
Directional terms describe the relationship of one part of the body with another, grouped into pairs.
What are body planes?
Body planes are imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body or an organ.
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the regulation of the internal environment to maintain appropriate, life-sustaining conditions for cells and tissues.
What are the targets of homeostatic control?
Targets include concentration of nutrients, O2 and CO2, waste products, pH, salts, temperature, and volume and pressure of extracellular fluid.
How is homeostasis controlled?
Homeostasis is regulated by dual control systems, specifically neural and endocrine.
