The Skeletal System Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the main components of the skeletal system?
- bones
- Cartilage
- Ligaments
What is the axial skeleton
- portion of the skeleton located along the midline of the body
- these bones work with muscles and ligaments for posture
- protects the vital organs (brain, lungs, and heart)
What is the appendicular skeleton?
- all other bones of the skeleton (outer)
- named such because they are appendages of the axial skeleton
- responsible for locomotion and other movement
- protect the major organs of digestion, excertion and reproduction
What are the main functions of the skeletal system
- protects internal organs
- stores and releases fat
- produces blood cells
- stores and releases minerals
- facilitates movement
- supports the body
how is protection performed
- bones protect internal organs from injury by covering or surrounding them
example - ribs protect lungs and heart
How does the system store and release fat
within bones, bone marrow exists… (2 types)
yellow bone marrow contains adipose tissue which has triglycerides stored within the adipocytes which is released to serve as a source of energy for other tissues of the body
How does the system produce red blood cells
within bones, bone marrow exists… (2 types)
red bone marrow is where the production of blood cells takes place
- red blood cells, white blood cells and plateletes are produced
How does the system store and release minerals
- bone tissue stores minerals
- these minerals can be released back into the bloodstream
How does the system facilitate movement
- bones facilitate movement by being attachments for muscles
- when muscles contract they pull on the bone to produce movement
How does the system support the body
- serves as structural framework
- supporting soft tissue and providing attachment points for tendons
What are the 5 classes of bone
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
describe the long bone
- cylindrical in shape
- diaphysis (shaft) with variable number of epiphyses (ends
- diaphysis = mostly compact bone
- epiphyses = mostly spongey bone
- leverage for movement
describe the short bone
- cube like shape
- spongey bone except at the surface, where there is a thin layer of compact bone
- stability, support and some movement
describe the flat bone
- thin, often curved
- composed of 2 almost parallel plates of compact bone enclosing spongey bone
- muscle attachment and protection of organs
describe the irregular bone
- complex, no clear characteristics
- varied amount of compact and spongey bone (depending on location)
- protects organs
describe sesamoid bones
- small
- commonly found embedded in muscle or tendon
- protection for muscle/ tendons from wear and tear
long bone structure
Diaphysis:
- bones shaft/ body
- long cylindrical main portion
Epiphyses:
- proximal and distal ends of the bone
Metaphyses:
- region between diaphysis and epiphyses
- in growing bon, contains epiphyseal plate
Long bone makeup structure
Medullary cavity:
- marrow cavity in diaphysis
Periosteum:
- tough outer fibrous membrane covering bone
- protects vessels and nerves that nourish bone
- anchors muscle to bone
Endosteum:
- thin delicate membrane lining medullary cavity
- maintains cellular environment during bone repair/ remodelling
Whar is compact and spongey bone
compact bone = outer edge of bone
- strength in uniform direction
Spongey bone = internal bone lattice work
- prominent composition in heads of long bone
What are the 4 bone cells:
- osteogenic cell: stem cell developes into an osteoblast
- osteoblast: produces organic components of bone matrix (proteins, collagen)
- osteoclast = reabsorbs (removes) bone
- Osteocyte = maintains the bone matrix
What is bone remodelling
the process of bone cells removing old bone and replacing it with new bone
how is bone remodelling done
- osteoclasts remove bone
- at the same time osteoblasts form new bone
(bone removal and bone formation = repair and maintenance)
What are the functions of joints and the features of a joint
function:
immobile = no movement
partly mobile.= little movement
freely mobile = wide range of movement
Structure:
bony = complete fusion of two bones
fibrous = held together by collagen fibres
cartilaginous = held together by cartilage
synovial = contain a joint space held together by a joint capsule
What are synovial joints
most common joint in the body allowing for free movement between bones
