Basic Mechanisms Flashcards
(55 cards)
Therapeutic effects of aspirin?
Analgesic, antipyretic, anti platelet aggregation, anti inflammatory
Side effect of aspirin and why?
GI bleeding, inhibits COX 1, protects stomach wall
Morphine therapeutic effects
Analgesic
Side effects of morphine
Respiratory depressant, constipation, vomiting, addictive
Why side effects and toxicity?
Not selective enough, widespread target, structure function change, lack of knowledge, patient variability, drug interactions
How do patients vary drug wise?
Genes, age, pregnancy, disease
Admin routes for drugs (7.3)
Oral, suppository, sublingual, topical, transdermal patch, inhalation, injection (IV, IM, SC)
What is pharmacokinetics?
The way the body deals with drugs
What are pharmacodynamics?
The effect of drugs on the body
Reasons normal drugs can be toxic
Elderly, renal/hepatic impairment, poor metabolism, drug interaction, enzyme inhibition.
Reasons drugs may be ineffective
Rapid metabolism, enzyme induction, poor compliance
Where do drugs act?
MITCh - membrane receptors, intracellular enzymes, transporters, ion channels
Targets for drug action
MITCh, plus nucleic acids, and miscellaneous (lipids eg)
Receptor super families
Ionotropic, metabotropic, tyrosine kinase, dna linked
H1 action and antagonist use
Contracts bronchi, antagonist is anti allergy
H2 action and antagonist use
Stimulates gastric acid secretion, antagonist is anti ulcer
Possible drug problems?
Selectivity, patient variability, lack of knowledge, idosyncratic, drug reactions, structure function change
What has affinity?
Agonists and antagonists
What has efficacy?
Only agonists
What is k+1?
Association rate, D+R -> DR
What is k-1?
Dissociation rate, DR -> D+R
What is affinity?
Binding of D to R
What is Kd?
Dissociation constant, conc of drug that occupies 50% of receptors
Kd = [D] [R] / [DR]
What does a lower Kd mean in terms of affinity?
Higher affinity
