basic medterms ch26: endocrine

Question 1

endocrine diseases

Answer 1

occur when a gland secretes too much or too little hormone

Question 2

acromegaly

Answer 2

enlarged and distorted extremities and face, especially the jaw; monster-like appearance

Question 3

hypersecretion

Answer 3

secretion of too much hormone by a gland

Question 4

hyposecretion

Answer 4

secretion of too little hormone by a gland

Question 5

Addison’s disease

Answer 5

weakness, weight loss, jaundice, hypoglycemia

Question 6

cretinism

Answer 6

(in children); slow, physically and mentally

Question 7

Cushing’s disease

Answer 7

weak, obese, hypertensive, hyperglycemic, moon facies

Question 8

diabetes mellitus

Answer 8

major disease of the endocrine system. type i (insulin-dependent), in which insulin is not produced, or ii (non-insulin-dependent), not enough insulin is produced or the insulin produced can’t be used by the body. polydipsia (thirst), polyuria, weakness, and fatigue are early symptoms. treatment w diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin

Question 9

exophthalmic goiter

Answer 9

(Graves’ disease or toxic goiter); swelling of the thyroid gland in neck; tachycardia, weight loss, protruding eyes, diaphoresis, shaking, mental symptoms

Question 10

goiter

Answer 10

(simple); swollen thyroid caused by lack of iodine in diet

Question 11

hypoglycemia

Answer 11

an abnormally low blood glucose level. two types: reactive, in response to a meal or drugs; and spontaneous, in the fasting state

Question 12

myxedema

Answer 12

obesity, sluggishness, dry puffy skin due to mucous accumulations under skin; myx/o means “mucous”

Question 13

pheochromocytoma

Answer 13

“pheochromo” means “dusky color”; a tumor of the adrenal medulla, producing hypertension, weight loss, personality changes, diaphoresis, tachycardia

Question 14

Simmonds’ disease

Answer 14

atrophy of the pituitary, causes exhaustion, emaciation, cachexia

Question 15

tetany

Answer 15

severe muscle and nerve weakness causing spasm, twitching, convulsions, severe arching/spasm of back

Question 16

thyroid function studies

Answer 16

study done to determine the amount of thyroid hormones: T{sub3}3 and T{sub}4; PBI (protein-bound iodine) and BMR (basal metabolism rate) are older tests; RAIU (radioactive iodine uptake); thyroid scan; ultrasound (echography); needle biopsy

Question 17

pancreatic function studies

Answer 17

study done to determine the amount of pancreatic hormones: GTT (glucose tolerance test), FBS (fasting blood sugar), PP blood (postprandial, after meal), urinalysis

Question 17

acidosis

Answer 17

disturbance of acid-base balance; accumulation of acids or excessive loss of bicarbonate (diabetic coma)

Question 18

anorexia

Answer 18

loss of appetite

Question 19

cachexia

Answer 19

a state of malnutrition and wasting, emaciation

Question 20

cataract

Answer 20

clouding of the lens of the eye; surgical extraction is the treatment

Question 21

convulsions

Answer 21

involuntary muscular contractions

Question 22

diaphoresis

Answer 22

excessive perspiring

Question 23

emaciation

Answer 23

wasting; extremely thin condition

Question 24

gangrene

Answer 24

death of tissue due to inadequate circulation; amputation is the treatment

Question 25

gestational diabetes

Answer 25

increased maternal insulin produced due to placental hormones

Question 26

gland

Answer 26

any organ that secretes something; glands that are not "endocrine" are "exocrine" (sweat and salivary glands, for example)

Question 27

hypophysectomy

Answer 27

excision of pituitary gland, partial usually

Question 28

insulin

Answer 28

first produced for commercial use in 1923; an antidiabetic hormone made from a combination of beef and pork sources. regular insulin is short-acting. Insulin syringes are special types of syringes with different concentrations (units) of insulin. A portable insulin pump has become available and can be worn by the diabetic; it delivers a constant supply of insulin to the patient

Question 29

ketosis

Answer 29

accumulation of ketone bodies due to incomplete metabolism of fatty acids (consumption of more fat than can be burned completely by the body; the unburned fats produce an acid chemical substance called ketone); excessive ketone produces a form of acidosis in diabetics (vinegary odor to the breath)