Basic Microscopy and Histology

Question 1

How are stratified epithelia named?

Answer 1

According to the cells at its apical surface

Question 2

Areolar tissue contains multiple cell types including _________ and ________, and it includes ________, ________, and _______ fibers.

Answer 2

Fibroblasts

Macrophages

Elastic

Collagen

Reticular

Question 3

What are the two major cell types of the nervous system?

Answer 3

Neurons, neuroglia

Question 4

Identify letter n.

Answer 4

Fibroblast

Question 5

What type of tissue and class is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 5

Type: Connective, blood

Description: RBC and WBC in plasma matrix

Location: Blood vessels (Gas, nutrient, waste transport)

Question 6

How are epithelial tissues classified on the basis of cell shape?

Answer 6

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Question 7

What are the three subtypes of loose connective tissue?

Answer 7

Areolar, adiose, and reticularis

Question 8

What type of tissue, class, and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 8

Type: Connective, dense, regular

Description: Primarily collagen fibers in parallel where fibroblasts are the major cell type

Location: Tendons, ligaments (Muscle attachment to bone or other muscle, tensile stress resistance when pulled in one direction)

Question 9

Reticular tissue contains ________ cells and a network of _________ fibers.

Answer 9

Retricular

Reticular

Question 10

What is the ground substance of blood?

Answer 10

Plasma

Question 11

Cartilage contains _____% water

Answer 11

80

Question 12

What do we mean by polarity?

Answer 12

Epithelial tissue has an apical (environment-facing) and a basal (internal-facing) side

Question 13

What type of tissue, class, and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 13

Type: Connective, dense, irregular

Description: Irregularly arranged collagen fibers where fibroblast is the major cell type

Location: Skin dermis, digestive tract submucosa (structural strength, tensile strength resistance in all directions)

Question 14

What type of tissue and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 14

Type: Muscle, smooth

Description: Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei with no striations, arranged in sheets

Location: Walls of hollow organs (propulsion, involuntary control)

Question 15

What occurs prior to microscopic examination?

Answer 15

Tissues are fixed, sectioned, and stained

Question 16

What are the primary components of the neuon?

Answer 16

The soma (cell body), the dendrites, and the nerve fiber (axon)

Question 17

What type of tissue, class, and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 17

Type: Connective, cartilage, elastic

Description: Similar to hyaline cartilage but contains more elastic fibers in matrix

Location: External ear, epiglottis (shape maintenance, great flexibility)

Question 18

What is this tissue type? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 18

Type: Transitional epithelium

Description: Several cell layers that resembles stratified squamous or cuboidal with apical cells dome-liked or squamous-like depending upon degree of stretch

Location: Urinary bladder (stretch, distention)

Question 19

What is this tissue type? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 19

Type: Simple columnar epithelium

Description: A single layer of tall cells with round-to-oval nuclei located at the base of the cell and some cells bear cilia

Location: Digestive tract (absorption and secretion; ciliated types propel mucus)

Question 20

What type of tissue, class, and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 20

Type: Connective, cartilage, hyaline

Description: Firm matrix produced by chondrocytes with mature chondrocytes in the lacunae

Location: Cartilage in nose, trachae, and larynx (support and reinforcement, resiliant cushioning, compressive stress resistance)

Question 21

What tissue type is this?

Answer 21

Nervous, neuron

Question 22

What type of tissue and class is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 22

Type: Connective, bone

Description: Hard, calcified matrix with many collagen fibers and osteocytes lie in lacunae

Location: Bone (support, protection, muscle lever, blood cell production)

Question 23

What type of tissue type and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 23

Type: Muscle, cardiac

Description: Cells are branched, lightly striated, and uninucleated, joined by intercalcated discs that may not be visible

Location: Walls of heart (blood circulation)

Question 24

What are the three subtypes of cartilage?

Answer 24

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Question 25

What are the four functions of connective tissue?

Answer 25

(1) Binding and support, (2) protection, (3) insulation, and (4) transportation

Question 26

What is this tissue type? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 26

Type: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Description: A **single** layer of cells with **differing heights** and **nuclei at different levels**; some bear **cilia** Location: **Trachea** (**secretion of mucus** and **propulsion of mucus** via **ciliary action**)

Question 27

What is this tissue type? Where is it found?

Answer 27

Type: Simple cuboidal epithelium Description: A **single** layer of **cube-like** cells with **spherical-shaped central nuclei** Location: Kidney tubules (secretion, absorption)

Question 28

What is this tissue type? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 28

Type: Stratified squamous epithelium (non-kerantinized) Description: **Several** cell layers with **basal cells** are **cuboidal** or **columnar** with *metabolic activity* and **apical cells** are **flattened** Location: Esophagus, mouth (protection of underlying tissues)

Question 29

What are the four primary tissue types?

Answer 29

Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle

Question 30

What type of tissue, class, and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 30

Type: Connective, loose, adipose Description: Very **sparse** matrix and closely packed adipocytes have **nuclei pushed to the side** by a **large lipid droplet** Location: Under skin; around kidneys, eyeballs; within abdomen; around breasts (fuel, insulation, protection, support)

Question 31

The most abudant and widely distributed type of tissue is...?

Answer 31

Connective tissue

Question 32

What is this tissue type? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 32

Type: Simple squamous epithelium Description: A **single** layer of flattened cells with **disc-shaped nuclei** and **sparse cytoplasm** Location: Alveoli in the lungs (diffusion and filtration)

Question 33

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 33

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Question 34

What are the functions of muscle tissue?

Answer 34

Body movement production, contraction

Question 35

What type of tissue, class, and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 35

Type: Connective, loose, areolar Description: **Gel-like** matrix with with **3 fiber** types includes **fibroblasts** and some **WBC** Location: Widely distributed **under epithelia** (**wraps and cushions tissues, phagocytize bacteria, holds and conveys tissue fluid**)

Question 36

What is this tissue type? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 36

Type: Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized) Description: Location: Epidermis

Question 37

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 37

To cover the external body, to line inner cavities and tubules, and to function in protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception

Question 38

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 38

Spongy and compact

Question 39

What is histology?

Answer 39

The study of tissues

Question 40

What is A? What is B?

Answer 40

A: Vein B: Artery

Question 41

The primary cell type of growing cartilage is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and the primary cell type of mature cartilage is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 41

Chondroblast Chondrocycte

Question 42

From what do connective tissues derive?

Answer 42

Mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue)

Question 43

What tissue type and subtype is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 43

Type: Muscle, skeletal Description: Cells are **long, cylindrical, multinucleated,** and **striated** Location: Skeletal muscle (Voluntary movement, locomotion, environmental manipulation, facial expression)

Question 44

What are the primary cell types of blood?

Answer 44

Erthyrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Question 45

How are epithelial tissues classified on the basis of cell layer?

Answer 45

Simple and stratified

Question 46

What do neurons do?

Answer 46

Generate and conduct nerve impulses

Question 47

The primary cell types of growing bone are the ________ and those of mature bone are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 47

Osteoblasts Osteocytes

Question 48

What do neuroglia do?

Answer 48

Protect, support, and insulate the neurons?

Question 49

What are the four classes of connective tissue?

Answer 49

(1) Connective proper (loose and dense), (2) cartilage, (3) bone tissue, and (4) blood

Question 50

What is the main cell type of the nervous system?

Answer 50

Neuron

Question 51

What type of tissue, class, and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 51

Type: Connective, cartilage, fibrocartilage Description: Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more **thick collagen fibers** and less firm matrix Location: Intervertabral discs, knee discs (tensile strength, shock compression resistance)

Question 52

What type of tissue, class, and sub-type is this? What are its characteristics? Where is it located?

Answer 52

Type: Connective, loose, reticular Description: Network of **reticular fibers** in **loose ground substance** Location: Lymphoid organs (i.e., lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen) (soft internal skeleton, support of other cell types)

Question 53

What organ is this tissue from? What type of tissue is it composed of?

Answer 53

Kidney Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 54

What tissue type is this?

Answer 54

Connective tissue - areolar tissue

Question 55

What two tissue types are located in this picture?

Answer 55

Simple squamous epithelium Simple cubodial epithelium

Question 56

Where in the body would you find these tissues?

Answer 56

Simple squamous epithelium - the Bowman's capsule of the kidney Simple cuboidal epithelium - distal and proximal tubules of the kidney

Question 57

What type of tissue type is this?

Answer 57

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 58

Where would you find this tissue in the body?

Answer 58

Forms the **kidney tubules** and **collecting ducts**, the **ducts** and **secretory portions of many glands**, and the **surface of the ovary**

Question 59

What tissue type is presented in these pictures? Where would you find these tissues in the body?

Answer 59

Simple columnar epitelium (non-ciliated) Digestive tract from stomach and anal canal; the gallbladder; portions of the uterus and uterine tubes; excretory ducts of some glands

Question 60

Make sure you can identify the following in areolar tissue.

Question 61

You should be able to identify an erthryocyte from a lymphocyte.

Question 62

Pay close attention to the morphological differences between elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage cartilage types.